Saint George

Kate:  Hello, this is 6 Minute English. I'm Kate Colin and today I'm joined by Jackie Dalton. Hello again Jackie. 
Jackie:  Hi Kate. 
Kate:  Today is the 23rd of April and is St George's Day. Saint George is the patron saint of England and all over the country people are proudly celebrating being English. 
Jackie:  Yes, that's right. All kinds of things are happening; here in London, the mayor has organised musical concerts, dancing and theatrical¹ events. Elsewhere in the country there'll be lots of historical activities and re-enactments（颁布，通过，制定） such as sword fighting and archery（箭术） 
Kate:  Sounds like fun. As I said, St George is a patron saint – can you explain what this means? 
Jackie:  Well, a saint（圣人，圣徒） is a person who has received official honour for having lived in an extremely good or holy way. And a patron saint is believed to have given special help to a particular place or activity or even to a particular person or type of object, for example Saint Anthony is the patron saint of lost things. Now interestingly, St George isn't patron saint of England but also of many other countries and cities including Lithuania, Portugal, Germany, Moscow and Venice. 

Kate:Well, before we go any further, here's my question for this week. According to the legend, which mythical² creature did Saint George kill? a) a unicorn³ b) a dragon c) a griffin
Jackie: Answers
Kate: We'll check your answer in a few minutes. St George's Day is great fun and an ideal opportunity for people to celebrate their nationality and being English. It reminds us that we are proud of our national identity, where we come from and who we are. However it is important to make the distinction that Britain is made up of England, Wales and Scotland and each country has its own patron saint with its own special day. St Andrew is patron saint for Scotland and Saint David is for Wales.
Jackie: Yes, and what's interesting is that Britain is an extremely diverse society which means there are many different cultures and nationalities living here who all consider themselves to be all or at least, part British. Let's hear a bit more about this in our first extract from the BBC's Mathew D'Aconna. He uses the expression multiple identities. What does this mean Kate?
Kate:multiple identities refers to people from lots of different backgrounds.
Can you hear 2 reasons why Britain has such a variety of people living here? Clip 1 The United Kingdom has always been a map of multiple identities. How much truer that is today in an era of mass immigration and labour mobility⁴. More and more of us are hybrids⁵（混血儿）.
Jackie: Mathew D'Aconna said we're living in an era of mass immigration and labour mobility. This means many people have come into Britain to live and work. Labour mobility means that people are moving around a lot to work.
Kate:And hybrids is a word we use to describe people, animals or plants which are made up of a mixture of two different things. When people live in these multi-cultural societies, there are methods we use to define our national identity. We're going to hear from a social psychologist Steve Reicher, talking about two forms of identity, both Ethnic⁶ and Civil:
Clip 2 An Ethnic definition is one based upon descent – 'why am I Scottish? I'm Scottish because I come of Scottish parents who themselves were born of Scottish parents' so it's backward looking in that it roots our identity in the past. The Civic⁷ definition is much more about 'I am here now, I am committed in the future to this country, I devote myself to this country'.
Jackie:Steve Reicher said that people often make a distinction between those two different types of national identity. One is Ethnic and is based on looking into our past and where our families are from. The other is Civic and is more about where we live now and where we chose to spend our lives in the foreseeable future.
Kate:So we've established we have a wide range of people from all over the world living in the UK. But how do they define themselves and refer to their national identity? Have a listen to some people from the streets of London and see if you can hear the different ways in which they define themselves.
Clip 3 -I'm from England so I'm English rather than British -I'm an Asian but British -I would say I'm Northern Irish -I'm a Muslim living in Britain -Definitely British, but definitely Irish -I suppose I see myself as British but I've got a lot of Jewish in me as well -Well I was born over here so you're classed English and British aren't you.
Jackie:Lots of very different answers there and most people seem to be a bit of a mix. Interestingly many people consider themselves to be British and something else….Britain really is a melting pot of cultures. A melting pot: this is an expression we sometimes use to describe a society of people from lots of different backgrounds who all live together.
Kate:So let's go over some of the words and expressions we've come across today. We had: patron saints which are saints who are believed to give special help to a particular place, activity, person or type of object diverse society – a place where people from many different cultures and nationalities live multiple identities – refers to people from lots of different backgrounds mass immigration – the movement of many people coming into a country to live and work labour mobility – refers to people who move around a lot to work hybrids - a word we can use to describe people, animals or plants which are made up of a mixture of two different things melting pot – an expression we sometimes use to describe a society with people from lots of different backgrounds

Kate:And finally to the question I asked you earlier. I asked you which mythical creature is St George most famous for killing⁸?
Jackie:And I said…
Kate:You were absolutely correct. According to the story, the brave St George killed the dragon and managed to save the princess at the same time. That's all we have time for. Have a good St George's Day and thanks for listening. Bye!
(本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑)

1 theatrical   

adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的

参考例句：

• The final scene was dismayingly lacking in theatrical effect.最后一场缺乏戏剧效果，叫人失望。
• She always makes some theatrical gesture.她老在做些夸张的手势。

2 mythical   

adj.神话的；虚构的；想像的

参考例句：

• Undeniably,he is a man of mythical status.不可否认，他是一个神话般的人物。
• Their wealth is merely mythical.他们的财富完全是虚构的。

3 unicorn   

n.(传说中的)独角兽

参考例句：

• The unicorn is an imaginary beast.独角兽是幻想出来的动物。
• I believe unicorn was once living in the world.我相信独角兽曾经生活在这个世界。

4 mobility   

n.可动性，变动性，情感不定

参考例句：

• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

5 hybrids   

n.杂交生成的生物体( hybrid的名词复数 )；杂交植物（或动物）；杂种；（不同事物的）混合物

参考例句：

• All these brightly coloured hybrids are so lovely in the garden. 花园里所有这些色彩鲜艳的杂交花真美丽。 来自辞典例句
• The notion that interspecific hybrids are rare is ill-founded. 有一种看法认为种间杂种是罕见的，这种看法是无根据的。 来自辞典例句

6 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

7 civic   

adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的

参考例句：

• I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
• The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

8 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。