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Obama, Congress Face 'Fiscal1 Cliff'
Newly re-elected U.S. President Barack Obama and his political opponents in Congress are facing an end-of-the-year deadline to reach a deal on taxes and spending cuts that has proved both contentious2 and elusive3 for the last two years.
As it stands, $600 billion in spending cuts for key defense4 and domestic programs are set to take effect January 1, and tax cuts affecting all American workers would expire, with the government then taking more money out of their paychecks.
The country's presidential and congressional elections were held this week. Now Obama, the incumbent5 who won a new four-year term, and his Democratic allies in the Senate are set to negotiate with the Republican-controlled House of Representatives to see if they can reach a pact6 to avoid cascading7 over what Washington is calling a "fiscal cliff."
The independent Congressional Budget Office on Thursday laid out the importance of reaching a deal.
It said that failure to reach an agreement would be dire8 for the fragile U.S. economy, the world's largest. The financial analysts9 said that if no deal is reached by year's end, the country's already-sluggish economy would contract by five-tenths of a percent in 2013, and that the jobless rate would jump from 7.9 percent last month to 9.1 percent by the end of next year.
But reaching a deal will not be easy, with Obama calling for the end to tax cuts for households earning more than $250,000 a year and Republicans adamantly10 against raising tax rates. The Republican House leader, John Boehner, says that Republicans would be open to some form of increasing government revenues, possibly through elimination11 of various tax deductions12, as long as Democrats13 agree to reform spending for government pension and health care programs for the elderly.
President Obama and Boehner came close to reaching a long-term deal debt and spending deal in 2011, but it fell apart, leading to the pact calling for the mandated14 spending cuts and the tax changes that would take effect in January.
Neither the president nor his political opponents want the mandates15 to take effect, but put the possibility of them in place as a way to force an agreement by a certain deadline.
As the cumulative16 U.S. government debt total continues to mount, Obama and the lawmakers will also face a decision early in 2013 on whether to increase the amount the country can borrow beyond the current $16 trillion level. Obama has pledged to work for a plan that would reduce the debt level over a period of years, but also has been unable to reach an agreement on that issue with his Republican opponents.
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1 fiscal | |
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的 | |
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2 contentious | |
adj.好辩的,善争吵的 | |
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3 elusive | |
adj.难以表达(捉摸)的;令人困惑的;逃避的 | |
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4 defense | |
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩 | |
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5 incumbent | |
adj.成为责任的,有义务的;现任的,在职的 | |
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6 pact | |
n.合同,条约,公约,协定 | |
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7 cascading | |
流注( cascade的现在分词 ); 大量落下; 大量垂悬; 梯流 | |
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8 dire | |
adj.可怕的,悲惨的,阴惨的,极端的 | |
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9 analysts | |
分析家,化验员( analyst的名词复数 ) | |
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10 adamantly | |
adv.坚决地,坚定不移地,坚强不屈地 | |
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11 elimination | |
n.排除,消除,消灭 | |
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12 deductions | |
扣除( deduction的名词复数 ); 结论; 扣除的量; 推演 | |
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13 democrats | |
n.民主主义者,民主人士( democrat的名词复数 ) | |
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14 mandated | |
adj. 委托统治的 | |
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15 mandates | |
托管(mandate的第三人称单数形式) | |
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16 cumulative | |
adj.累积的,渐增的 | |
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