Vape 牛津词典评出2014年度热词

 　　As 2014 draws to a close, it’s time to look back and see which words have been significant throughout the past twelve months, and to announce the Oxford¹ Dictionaries Word of the Year. Without further ado, we can exclusively reveal that the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2014 is….

　　站在2014的尾巴上，是时候回顾一下在过去的12个月里最有影响力的单词，宣布其为年度牛津词典词王。我们可以当即宣布2014年度牛津词典单词仅属于……

　　Vape

　　吸电子烟

　　Although there is a shortlist of strong contenders, it was vape that emerged victorious² as Word of the Year.

　　虽然有力的竞争者有一大单，年度单词的胜利还是归属于‘vape(吸电子烟)’。

　　What does vape mean?

　　Vape是什么意思？

　　So, what does vape mean? It originated as an abbreviation of vapour or vaporize. The OxfordDictionaries.com definition was added in August 2014: the verb means ‘to inhale³ and exhale⁴ the vapour produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device’, while both the device and the action can also be known as a vape. The associated noun vaping is also listed.

　　那么，vape是啥意思呢？它源于vapour（蒸汽）或vaporizer（蒸发）的缩写。其释义于2014年8月录入牛津词典网：动词的意思为“吸入或呼出电子烟亦或相似装置的蒸汽”，且装置和吸呼的动作也可被称作“vape”。相关名词vaping也被提名了。

　　Why was vape chosen?

　　为什么选择vape？

　　As e-cigarettes (or e-cigs) have become much more common, so vape has grown significantly in popularity. You are thirty times more likely to come across the word vape than you were two years ago, and usage has more than doubled in the past year.

　　随着电子烟（简写为e-cigs）越来越普及，吸电子烟也被变得越来越大众。你发现vape这个单词出现的频率比两年前高出30倍，也比去年用的频率翻了一倍。

　　Usage of vape peaked in April 2014 – as the graph below indicates – around the time that the UK’s first ‘vape café’ (The Vape Lab in Shoreditch, London) opened its doors, and protests were held in response to New York City banning indoor vaping. In the same month, the issue of vaping was debated by The Washington Post, the BBC, and the British newspaper The Telegraph, amongst others.

　　如下图显示，Vape的使用频率到2014年4月到达顶峰。英国的第一家”吸电子烟咖啡厅”（位于伦敦肖迪奇的“吸电子烟实验室”）在此时开张，针对纽约禁止室内抽电子烟的抗议也被发起。在同月，吸电子烟的问题被华盛顿邮报、BBC和英国电讯报及其他媒体争相讨论。

　　The language of vaping

　　vaping的语言

　　Vape is also the modifier for other nouns, creating new compound nouns which are growing in popularity. The most common of these are vape pen and vape shop, and there is also recent evidence for vape lounge, vape fluid, vape juice, and others. Related coinages include e-juice, carto, and vaporium – as well as the retronym tobacco cigarette for traditional cigarettes. (A retronym is a new term created from an existing word in order to distinguish the original word from a later development – for example, acoustic⁵ guitar developing after the advent⁶ of the electric guitar.)

　　Vape也是其他名词的修饰语，创建了越来越多的新流行的复合名词。其中最常见的是vape pen（钢笔改装的电子烟）和vape shop（电子烟商店），也有最近流行的vape lounge, vape fluid, vape juice等等。相关的新词汇包括e-juice, carto,和vaporium，还有传统香烟的返璞词烟草香烟。（返璞词就是从一个已有的词中创出一个新词，这是为了将原始词和随后的变形区分开来——举个例子，电子吉他出现后有了原声吉他。）

　　Vape before vaping

　　在vaping前的vape

　　You may be surprised to learn that the word vaping existed before the phenomenon. Although e-cigarettes weren’t commercially available until the 21st century, a 1983 article in New Society entitled ‘Why do People Smoke?’ contains the first known usage of the term. The author, Rob Stepney, described what was then a hypothetical device:

　　你会惊奇的发现单词vaping在此现象出现前已经存在了。虽然直到21世纪电子烟才能在市场上买到，在1983年，《新社会》上一篇题为“人们为何抽烟？”的文章第一次用到了这个单词。作者罗伯·斯特普尼解释了这个假想装置：

　　“an inhaler or ‘non-combustible’ cigarette, looking much like the real thing, but…delivering a metered dose of nicotine⁷ vapour. (The new habit, if it catches on, would be known as vaping.)”

　　“一只吸入器或者说“不可燃烟”看上去和真货没差，但是……输出了一定剂量的尼古丁蒸汽。（这个新嗜好，如果流行起来，就会被称为vaping。）”

　　However, despite these early beginnings, Oxford Dictionaries research shows that it wasn’t until 2009 that this sense of vape (and vaping) started to appear regularly in mainstream⁸ sources.

　　然而，尽管这个嗜好很早就有了，牛津词典调查研究显示直到2009年vape（和vaping）这个词才固定的出现在主流媒体中。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 victorious   

adj.胜利的，得胜的

参考例句：

• We are certain to be victorious.我们定会胜利。
• The victorious army returned in triumph.获胜的部队凯旋而归。

3 inhale   

v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟)

参考例句：

• Don't inhale dust into your lung.别把灰尘吸进肺里。
• They are pleased to not inhale second hand smoke.他们很高兴他们再也不会吸到二手烟了。

4 exhale   

v.呼气，散出，吐出，蒸发

参考例句：

• Sweet odours exhale from flowers.花儿散发出花香。
• Wade exhaled a cloud of smoke and coughed.韦德吐出一口烟，然后咳嗽起来。

5 acoustic   

adj.听觉的，声音的；(乐器)原声的

参考例句：

• The hall has a fine acoustic.这个大厅的传音效果很好。
• Animals use a whole rang of acoustic, visual,and chemical signals in their systems of communication.动物利用各种各样的听觉、视觉和化学信号来进行交流。

6 advent   

n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临

参考例句：

• Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
• The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。

7 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

8 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。