肥胖世界地图 猜猜哪个国家胖子多

 　　You might think the U.S. is the most obese¹ nation in the world - but if you do, you are wrong.

　　如果你一直以为美国是世界上肥胖人口最多的国家，那你可就错了。

　　Soaring rates of obesity² in the Pacific Islands, nations in the South Pacific Ocean east of Australia and Fiji, have shot to the top of the worldwide obesity scale.

　　在太平洋岛一些岛屿、澳大利亚及斐济东部的南太平洋的一些国家里，不断升高的肥胖率使它们有望成为世界上肥胖人口最多的国家。

　　Previously³ it has been theorised that Pacific Islanders are genetically⁴ predisposed to obesity.

　　之前有理论认为生活在太平洋小岛上的人属于天生易胖体质。

　　But experts now say the introduction of Western diets to the islands are to blame for the problem.

　　不过现在有专家称是西方饮食的引入导致了岛上居民的肥胖。

　　American Samoa, found south of Samoa, tops the chart, with 75 per cent of the population reported as obese.

　　其中，美属萨摩亚南部地区的肥胖人口占75%，在各国肥胖率排名中位列第一。

　　Nauru and the Cook Islands, also found in the South Pacific Ocean, come in second and third places with 71 per cent and 63 per cent of the population obese.

　　南太平洋的瑙鲁和库克群岛分别排在第二和第三，其肥胖人口比例分别为71%和63%。

　　The islands were colonised by Australian, American, New Zealand, British or French nations after the Second World War, and the diets and social changes introduced blamed for soaring obesity rates.

　　这些小岛在二战之后曾先后成为澳大利亚、美国、新西兰、英国和法国等国家的殖民地，由此带来的饮食及社会变化使这些小岛的肥胖率逐渐上涨。

　　These colonising nations encouraged dependency on imported food, meaning the local fishing and farming industries on the islands died out.

　　这些殖民国家鼓励小岛上的居民依赖进口食品，这意味着当地的渔业和农业便逐渐消失殆尽。

　　Traditional foods of the islands such as fresh fish, meat and local fruits and vegetables have been replaced by rice, sugar, flour, canned meats, canned fruits and vegetables, soft drinks and beer.

　　小岛上传统的食物如生鱼、生肉、当地水果蔬菜逐渐被大米、糖、面粉、肉罐头、水果及蔬菜罐头、饮料和啤酒等取代。

　　Oxford⁵ University researchers said these newly introduced foods are ‘energy-dense, nutrient⁶ poor’ products which have led to rising levels of obesity.

　　牛津大学的研究人员称这些被引入的“高能量、低营养”食品是小岛居民逐渐肥胖的原因。

　　These Western foods also became a sign of social status among the islanders, research published in the Journal of Public Health Nutrition found.

　　有研究表明，对于小岛居民来说，这些西方食品也逐渐成为社会地位提高的一种象征。

　　Islanders were taught to fry their fish, rather than eat it raw as they had done before.

　　他们开始炸鱼，而不是像之前那样生吃。

　　The colonising nations also introduced mining, making land that had previously been used for food gathering⁷ infertile⁸.

　　除此之外这些殖民国家也开始在小岛上采矿发展矿业，这使得原本用来耕种的土地变得异常贫瘠。

　　Professor Stanley Ulijaszek, of the University of Oxford, said: ‘Previous attempts to explain the disproportionately high rates of obesity in these and other island nations have tended to focus on the geographical⁹ isolation¹⁰ of islands and the risk of food shortages.

　　牛津大学的斯坦利教授称：“对于这些小岛及其他小岛上存在不成比例的高肥胖率的原因，之前研究表明很有可能源于岛与岛之间地理隔离及食物短缺风险。”

　　'Theories have suggested that islanders are genetically predisposed to putting on weight, but we believe this does not explain why obesity has emerged so rapidly on these islands.

　　“曾有理论称岛上居民属于易胖体质，但我们认为这无法解释肥胖一夜之间占领这些群岛的现象。”

　　Bangladesh and Ethiopia came joint¹¹ last on the list, with 1 per cent of people in these countries carrying too much weight.

　　孟加拉国和埃塞俄共同排在最后一位，两个国家的肥胖比率都只有1%。

　　Nepal, came second to bottom, with just over 1 per cent of the population reported to be obese.

　　尼泊尔肥胖率略大于1%，排在倒数第二。

　　In fact, the map reveals extremely low obesity rates over most of Africa and south Asia.

　　实际上，通过这张肥胖国家地图可以看到低肥胖率国家大多位于非洲及南亚。

　　Experts have said there are high levels of malnutrition¹² in these areas of the world, with some people struggling the calories needed to reach their full physical potential.

　　专家表示这些地区的居民具有严重的营养不良问题，有些还需要努力获取能量来满足身体所需。

　　Greg Barrow, of the World Food Programme Office, explains: ‘From west Africa, central Africa, to the horn of Africa to Asia, we see high levels of under nutrition.'

　　世界粮食计划署办公室的格雷格·巴鲁解释道：“从西非、中非到非洲合恩角、亚洲，我们可以看到有很多人都处于严重营养不良的状况中。”

　　‘In Ethiopia, Bangladesh and Nepal in particular, large sectors¹³ of the population struggle to have access to the calories they need.

　　“尤其是在埃塞俄比亚、孟加拉国和尼泊尔这三个国家，其居民每日进食甚至难以达到正常所需的卡路里含量。”

　　‘They have rapidly growing population and the food demands are high.

　　“这些国家人口增长速度快，因此食物需求量也越来越大。”

　　‘The largest proportion of populations malnourished occurs in sub Saharan Africa.

　　“非洲撒哈拉以南地区是世界人口中营养失衡最严重的区域。”

　　‘These are parts of the world where there are high levels of poverty. People are unable to buy the most nutritious¹⁴ food for their families.

　　“他们那里非常穷，人们无法买到营养丰富的食物。”

　　The map, created using data from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, shows the global obesity crisis is still a growing issue, as every continent faces a weight issue.

　　这张肥胖国家地图由美国中央情报局（CIA）提供的数据制作而成，显示了全球肥胖危机的紧迫性，每个大洲都面临着体重问题。

　　The results show the rising epidemic¹⁵ of fatness across the globe, with high levels of obesity across most of Europe, the Middle East and North America.

　　数据分析的结果显示全球肥胖局势已不可扭转，尤其是大部分欧洲、中东及北美国家情况异常明显。

　　In the UK, more than 25 per cent of the population is reported as obese, whereas France, Italy and Sweden fared considerably¹⁶ better, with an obesity rate of less than 10 per cent.

　　其中，英国的肥胖率超过25%，而法国、意大利和瑞典情况相对较好，肥胖率低于10%。

　　In the U.S., 33 per cent of people are obese, while 27 per cent of Australians carry too much weight.

　　美国的肥胖率为33%，澳大利亚为27%。

　　A person is considered obese if they have a Body Mass Index (BMI) is over 30, and severely¹⁷ obese if they have a BMI of over 40.

　　一个人的体重指数（BMI）超过30时被视为肥胖，超过40时被认为是重度肥胖。

　　Nutritionist Katrina Mather said: 'Preventable chronic¹⁸ diseases, often linked to obesity, are now the world's biggest killers¹⁹.

　　营养学家卡特丽娜·马瑟说：“许多可预防的慢性疾病都可能因肥胖而起，可以说肥胖已经是现代人类健康的最大杀手。”

　　'My research points the finger at highly processed, sugar-rich convenience foods and drinks lying behind all forms of chronic disease and obesity.

　　“我的研究中指出，那些经过加工、含糖量高的方便食品或饮料是导致各种慢性疾病及肥胖的原因之一。”

　　'Sugar is addictive²⁰, leading to food craving²¹ and overeating - combined with the fact that highly processed foods are devoid²² of nutrients²³ and as a result don't satisfy hunger.

　　“糖类容易上瘾，会让人常吃和多吃，而且经过加工的食品因为没营养所以不顶饿。”

　　'So, a vicious circle then develops, leading to a society that is over-fed but under-nourished.

　　“这样就导致恶性循环，使得人们吃得多却还缺乏营养。”

　　'And overeating leads to obesity whilst stressing the body, which in turn can lead to the onset²⁴ of chronic disease.'

　　“吃得过多会导致肥胖，同时也给身体增加负担，这样就容易引起慢性疾病的发生。”

1 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

2 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

3 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

4 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

5 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

6 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

7 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

8 infertile   

adj.不孕的；不肥沃的，贫瘠的

参考例句：

• Plants can't grow well in the infertile land.在贫瘠的土地上庄稼长不好。
• Nobody is willing to till this infertile land.这块薄田没有人愿意耕种。

9 geographical   

adj.地理的；地区(性)的

参考例句：

• The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
• These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。

10 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

11 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

12 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

13 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 nutritious   

adj.有营养的，营养价值高的

参考例句：

• Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
• Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。

15 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

16 considerably   

adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上

参考例句：

• The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
• The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。

17 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

18 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

19 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

20 addictive   

adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的

参考例句：

• The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。

21 craving   

n.渴望,热望

参考例句：

• a craving for chocolate 非常想吃巧克力
• She skipped normal meals to satisfy her craving for chocolate and crisps. 她不吃正餐，以便满足自己吃巧克力和炸薯片的渴望。

22 devoid   

adj.全无的，缺乏的

参考例句：

• He is completely devoid of humour.他十分缺乏幽默。
• The house is totally devoid of furniture.这所房子里什么家具都没有。

23 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。