研究显示汽车尾气排放检测存在漏洞

 　　Researchers have provided fresh evidence of a growing gap between vehicle emissions¹ in laboratory tests and their performance on the road, as questions mount about the carmakers’ conduct in the wake of the Volkswagen scandal.

　　研究人员提供的最新证据表明，汽车在实验室检测中得出的尾气排放值与它们在实际道路上行驶时的排放值之间差距越来越大。大众汽车(Volkswagen)尾气造假丑闻发生后，汽车制造商的操守受到越来越多的质疑。

　　One of the research groups that helped uncover the VW case published new data on Friday, claiming that carbon dioxide emissions in European road tests were on average 40 per cent higher than the official laboratory results advertised in car sales literature.

　　曾帮助揭穿大众造假案的一家研究机构周五发布最新数据，称欧洲道路检测中得出的二氧化碳排放量比汽车销售宣传册中公布的官方实验室检测结果平均高出40%。

　　The International Council on Clean Transportation, the environmental research body that led the research, said the figure was an “all-time high” and compared with a gap of just 10 per cent in 2003, though there was no suggestion that defeat devices were to blame.

　　领导此次研究的环境研究机构——国际清洁交通委员会（International Council on Clean Transportation，简称ICCT）表示，这一数字创下了“新高”，2003年两者之间的差距仅为10%，但该机构没有将之归因于欺骗装置。

　　The ICCT aggregated² research from six countries on almost 600,000 vehicles from at least nine carmakers to draw its conclusions.

　　ICCT汇总了对来自6个国家的至少9家汽车制造商的近60万辆汽车的研究合后得出了上述结论。

　　“About three quarters of the gap between laboratory test results and real-world driving is explained by vehicle manufacturers exploiting loopholes in the current regulation,” said Peter Mock, managing director of the ICCT in Europe.

　　ICCT驻欧洲的董事总经理彼得莫克(Peter Mock)表示：“就实验室检测结果与实际道路表现之间的差距而言，约四分之三缘于汽车制造商在利用当前监管的漏洞。”

　　Carmakers are known to “game” an outdated³ laboratory regime using perfectly⁴ legal methods such as overinflating tyres to reduce rolling resistance or fully⁵ recharging a vehicle’s battery before testing.

　　很多人都知道，汽车制造商会利用完全合法的手段来钻过时的实验室检测系统的空子，例如给轮胎过量充气来减少滚动阻力，或者在检测前重新给汽车电池完全充电。

　　The rest of the gap is explained by technologies that have a greater effect in the lab than on the road, such as stop-start systems that turn off the engine in stationary⁶ traffic. Equipment that tends to increase fuel consumption, such as air conditioning, is also turned off during lab tests.

　　实验室检测与实际道路检测结果差异的其余部分，缘于一些技术在实验室中的效果优于在实际道路行驶时，例如在交通堵塞时关闭引擎的“启停”系统。一些会增加油耗的设备，比如空调，在实验室检测中也会被关闭。

　　European regulators are pushing to bring in a new test regime from 2017. They also plan to introduce real-world testing for Nox emissions in the same year.

　　欧洲监管机构正推动从2017年起引入新的检测系统。他们还计划在同一年推出针对氮氧化物排放的实际道路检测系统。

　　While the VW case centred on diesel⁷ engines and Nox emissions, the latest research from ICCT focuses on CO2 and includes both petrol and diesel variants⁸.

　　大众案的核心是柴油引擎和氮氧化物排放，ICCT的最新研究则关注的是二氧化碳排放，研究对象既包括汽油车也包括柴油车。

　　The European manufacturers’ body, Acea, did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the figures.

　　欧洲制造商机构——欧洲汽车制造商协会(ACEA)没有立即回应记者就这些数据置评的请求。

　　As for the VW scandal, Acea has said there is “no evidence that this is an industry-wide issue”.

　　至于大众的丑闻，ACEA表示，“没有证据证明这是一个全行业的问题”。

　　However, carmakers’ share prices are showing extreme volatility⁹ amid the swirling¹⁰ media coverage¹¹ of the VW crisis.

　　然而，在媒体铺天盖地报道大众的危机的情况下，汽车制造商的股价波动得很剧烈。

　　BMW shares fell as much as 9 per cent on Thursday after a German magazine published a story that highlighted the emissions performance of one of its vehicles during a road test.

　　宝马(BMW)股价周四一度下跌9%。此前，一家德国杂志发布了一篇报道，着重提到了一款宝马汽车在尾气实际道路检测中的表现。

　　The shares recovered some ground to close down 5 per cent after BMW issued a statement saying it “does not manipulate or rig any emissions tests”.

　　在宝马发布声明称“未操纵任何尾气检测”后，该公司股价收复了一些失地，最终在昨日收跌5%。

　　“Two studies carried out by the ICCT have confirmed that the BMW X5 and 13 other BMW vehicles tested comply with the legal requirements concerning Nox emissions,” the company added.

　　宝马还表示：“ICCT展开的两项研究证实，接受检测的宝马X5和其他13款宝马汽车符合关于氮氧化物排放的法定要求。”

1 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

2 aggregated   

a.聚合的，合计的

参考例句：

• He aggregated her to a political party. 他吸收她参加一政党。
• The audiences aggregated a million people. 观众总数达100万人。

3 outdated   

adj.旧式的，落伍的，过时的；v.使过时

参考例句：

• That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了，许多地址已经改了。
• Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。

4 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

5 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

6 stationary   

adj.固定的，静止不动的

参考例句：

• A stationary object is easy to be aimed at.一个静止不动的物体是容易瞄准的。
• Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。

7 diesel   

n.柴油发动机，内燃机

参考例句：

• We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
• My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。

8 variants   

n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体

参考例句：

• Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
• Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句

9 volatility   

n.挥发性，挥发度，轻快，（性格）反复无常

参考例句：

• That was one reason why volatility was so low last year.这也是去年波动性如此低的原因之一。
• Yet because volatility remained low for so long,disaster myopia prevailed.然而，由于相当长的时间里波动性小，灾难短视就获胜了。

10 swirling   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Snowflakes were swirling in the air. 天空飘洒着雪花。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• She smiled, swirling the wine in her glass. 她微笑着，旋动着杯子里的葡萄酒。 来自辞典例句

11 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。