告别小农经济? 中国向大企业集约化农业迈进

 　　China is opening up its agriculture industry to corporate¹ farming, a move that could have wide economic and political implications.

　　中国农业正向大企业农业迈进，此举将产生广泛的经济和政治影响。

　　That decision may gradually phase out collective farming, which has long been one of the Communist Party's main political levers through a national network of provincial² and county leaders.

　　这个决定将逐步淘汰集体农业，而集体农业是中国执政党通过遍布全国的省县干部网络实现的主要政治杠杆之一。

　　China is hoping to entice³ foreign and private capital to invest in the tightly-controlled agricultural sector⁴.

　　中国希望吸引外国和私人资本投资控制得很紧的农业板块。

　　State media also notes the policy aims to promote and standardize⁵ the "transfer of the right to use farmland from rural residents to commercial entities⁶."

　　官方媒体也指出，这项政策旨在促进和规范"农村居民耕地使用权流转到商业实体"的行为。

　　The plan comes after authorities announced earlier this year that they want to relocate 100 million farmers, about 12 percent of the rural population, into smaller cities.

　　中国政府今年年初宣布将1亿农民安置到小城市，他们约占农业人口的12%。随后就宣布了这项计划。

　　The farmland they leave behind could be bundled together into larger tracts⁷ that would be farmed by companies using more modern methods.

　　他们留下的耕地将被整合成大片土地，由农业企业利用更为现代化的手段耕种。

　　告别小农经济? 中国向大企业集约化农业迈进

　　Under Chinese law, farmers collectively own rural land. Individual farmers are allowed to use the land under a contract system that has been in place since the 1970s.

　　按照中国法律，农村土地归农民集体所有。每个农民可以按照二十世纪七十年代颁行的承包制来使用土地。

　　But that system has left vast tracts of Chinese farmland unattended in recent years because of a high level of labor⁸ migration⁹ to fast-growing cities.

　　但是这项制度导致中国近年来农村土地大规模撂荒，因为劳动力都流向了快速发展的城市。

　　In some cases, local collectives also have been abused by corrupt¹⁰ local officials who colluded with developers.

　　在一些地方，腐败官员和开发者勾结，破坏了地方集体所有制。

　　The government is looking to change this system and use businesses to improve farm productivity.

　　政府正在寻找改革这个制度的方法，利用企业来提高农业产值。

　　China is known for its inefficient¹¹ use of water and fertilizers, which is a problem that could be addressed by new technologies.

　　众所周知，中国对水和肥料的使用广泛但效率不高，而新技术可以解决这个问题。

　　"This is going to be a game changer with wide implications both for the economy and the political system," Erlend Ek, agriculture research manager for consulting firm, China Policy, told VOA.

　　齐纳百思咨询公司农业研究主任埃伦迪·埃克在接受"美国之声"采访时表示："这将对中国的经济和政治制度产生非常广泛的影响。"

　　"New opportunities are opening up because Chinese authorities are seeking partnerships¹² with foreign companies in the field of agriculture technology."

　　"中国政府开放了新的机会，因为他们在寻求农业技术方面的外国企业合作伙伴。"

　　But the shift could mark a stark¹³ break with the past. During the era of Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong, the party's influence grew out of its efforts to equally distribute land rights by creating co-operatives or collectives of farmers.

　　但是改变就意味着与过去彻底决裂。在毛泽东主席执政的时代，正是因为在农民中间用集体所有的方式平分土地权利，中共才发展了强大的影响力。

　　This strategy waned¹⁴ over the years as China moved toward large-scale industrialization and rapid urbanization.

　　随着中国迈向大规模工业化和快速城市化，这项策略慢慢失去了强大的影响力。

　　State media says that there is popular support for switching to corporate farming.

　　官方媒体称，企业化农业得到了广泛的支持。

　　"There have been a growing demand from rural residents for transferring farmland to others for management and production," the official Xinhua news agency said adding, "The new policy will lead to the formation of mechanisms¹⁵ that will make the transfer more standardized¹⁶, while land owners' rights will be better protected."

　　"在管理和生产方面，农村居民把耕地转让给别人的需求越来越大。"新华新闻社补充说道："新政策将构建转让的规范机制，土地所有者的权益将得到更好地保护。"

1 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

2 provincial   

adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人

参考例句：

• City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
• Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。

3 entice   

v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿

参考例句：

• Nothing will entice the children from television.没有任何东西能把孩子们从电视机前诱开。
• I don't see why the English should want to entice us away from our native land.我不明白，为什英国人要引诱我们离开自己的国土。

4 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

5 standardize   

v.使符合标准，使标准化

参考例句：

• We will extend and standardize legal services and provide effective legal aid.拓展和规范法律服务，积极开展法律援助。
• There is a drive both to standardise components and to reduce the number of models on offer.正在为实现零部件标准化和减少推出的型号数量而努力。

6 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

7 tracts   

大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文

参考例句：

• vast tracts of forest 大片大片的森林
• There are tracts of desert in Australia. 澳大利亚有大片沙漠。

8 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

9 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

10 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

11 inefficient   

adj.效率低的，无效的

参考例句：

• The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。
• Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。

12 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

13 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

14 waned   

v.衰落( wane的过去式和过去分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• However,my enthusiasm waned.The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. 然而，我的热情减退了。我在做操上花的时间逐渐减少了。 来自《用法词典》
• The bicycle craze has waned. 自行车热已冷下去了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

15 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 standardized   

adj.标准化的

参考例句：

• We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
• The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。