标准美语发音的13个秘诀 CD 3 Track 50

 

Telephone Tutoring 

Follow-up Diagnostic Analysis    CD 3 Track 50 

After three to six months, you're ready for the follow-up analysis. If you're studying on your own, please contact toll-free [phone] or www.americanaccent.com for a referral to a qualified telephone analyst¹. The diagnostic analysis is designed toevaluate your current speech patterns to let you know where your accent is standard and nonstandard.

Think the United Auto² Workers can beat Caterpillar³ Inc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can't wait to cross the picket⁴ line at Caterpillar's factory in East Peoria. Branan, recently laid off by a rubber-parts plant where he earned base pay of $6.30 an hour, lives one block from a heavily picketed⁵ gate at the Cat complex. Now he's applying to replace one of 12,600 workers who have been on strike for the past five months. "Seventeen dollars an hour and they don't want to work?" asks Branan. "I don't want totake another guy's job,but I'm hurting, too."

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Chapters 1-6 Review and Expansion 

In the first six chapters of the American Accent Training program, we covered the concepts that form the basis of American speech—intonation, word groups, the staircase, and liaisons⁶, or word connections. We also discussed some key sounds, such as [æ], [ä], and [ə] (Cat? Caught? Cut?), the El, the American T, and the American R. Let's briefly⁷ review each item.

Intonation 

You've learned some of the reasons for changing the pitch (or saying a word louder or even streeetching it out) of some words in a sentence.

1. To introduce new information (nouns)

2. To offer an opinion

3. To contrast two or more elements

4. To indicate the use of the negative contraction⁸ can't

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Miscellaneous Reminders⁹ of Intonation 

When you have a verb/preposition combination, the stress usually goes on the preposition: pick up, put down, fall in, and so on. Otherwise, prepositions are placed in the valleys of your intonation. It's f'r you., They're fr'm LA.

When you have initials, the stress goes on the last letter: IBM, PO Box, ASAP, IOU, and so on.

Liaisons and Glides 

Through liaisons, you learned about voiced and unvoiced consonants—where they are located in the mouth and which sounds are likely to attach to a following one. You were also introduced to glides.

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The American T 

T is T, a clear popped sound, when it is at the top of the staircase.

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The El 

The El is closely connected with the schwa. Yourtongue drops down in back as if it were going to say uh, but the tip curls up and attaches to the top of the mouth, which requires a strong movement of the tip of the tongue. The air comes out around the sides of the tongue and the sound is held for slightly longer than you'd think.

The American R 

The main difference between a consonant¹⁰ and a vowel¹¹ is that witha consonant there is contact at some point in your mouth. It might be the lips, P; the tongue tip, N; or the throat, G. Like a vowel, however, the R doesn't touch anywhere. It is similar to a schwa, but yourtongue curls back in a retroflex movement and produces a sound deep in the throat. The tongue doesn't touch the top of the mouth. Another way to approach it is toput your tongue in position for ee, and then slide straight back to eeer. Some people are more comfortable collapsing¹² their tongue back, like an accordion¹³ instead of curling it. It doesn't make any difference in the sound, so do whichever you prefer.

Application Exercises 

Now you need to use the techniques you've learned so far and tomake the transference to your everyday speech. In the beginning, the process is very slow and analytical¹⁴, but as you do it over and over again, it becomes natural and unconscious. The exercises presented here will show you how. For example, take any phrase that may catch your ear during a conversation—because it is unfamiliar, or for whatever other reason—and work it though the practice sequence used in Review Exercise 1.

1 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

2 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

3 caterpillar   

n.毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫

参考例句：

• A butterfly is produced by metamorphosis from a caterpillar.蝴蝶是由毛虫脱胎变成的。
• A caterpillar must pass through the cocoon stage to become a butterfly.毛毛虫必须经过茧的阶段才能变成蝴蝶。

4 picket   

n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫

参考例句：

• They marched to the factory and formed a picket.他们向工厂前进,并组成了纠察队。
• Some of the union members did not want to picket.工会的一些会员不想担任罢工纠察员。

5 picketed   

用尖桩围住（picket的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• They picketed the restaurant. 他们在饭馆外设置纠察。
• Humboldt riotously picketed Von Trenk but the play was a hit. 尽管洪堡肆意破坏《冯·特伦克》的上演，然而这个剧还是轰动一时。

6 liaisons   

n.联络( liaison的名词复数 )；联络人；（尤指一方或双方已婚的）私通；组织单位间的交流与合作

参考例句：

• She embarked on a series of sexual liaisons with society figures. 她开始接二连三地与社会名流有染。 来自辞典例句
• One of Wentworth's favorite movies is Dangerous Liaisons. went最喜欢的电影之一是《危险关系》。 来自互联网

7 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

8 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

9 reminders   

n.令人回忆起…的东西( reminder的名词复数 )；提醒…的东西；（告知该做某事的）通知单；提示信

参考例句：

• The film evokes chilling reminders of the war. 这部电影使人们回忆起战争的可怕场景。
• The strike has delayed the mailing of tax reminders. 罢工耽搁了催税单的投寄。

10 consonant   

n.辅音；adj.[音]符合的

参考例句：

• The quality of this suit isn't quite consonant with its price.这套衣服的质量和价钱不相称。
• These are common consonant clusters at the beginning of words.这些单词的开头有相同辅音组合。

11 vowel   

n.元音；元音字母

参考例句：

• A long vowel is a long sound as in the word"shoe ".长元音即如“shoe” 一词中的长音。
• The vowel in words like 'my' and 'thigh' is not very difficult.单词my和thigh中的元音并不难发。

12 collapsing   

压扁[平]，毁坏，断裂

参考例句：

• Rescuers used props to stop the roof of the tunnel collapsing. 救援人员用支柱防止隧道顶塌陷。
• The rocks were folded by collapsing into the center of the trough. 岩石由于坍陷进入凹槽的中心而发生褶皱。

13 accordion   

n.手风琴；adj.可折叠的

参考例句：

• The accordion music in the film isn't very beautiful.这部影片中的手风琴音乐不是很好。
• The accordion music reminds me of my boyhood.这手风琴的乐声让我回忆起了我的少年时代。

14 analytical   

adj.分析的；用分析法的

参考例句：

• I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
• As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。