高中英语人教版必修第三册16

[00:06.69]ON READIGN
[00:08.72]On the subject of reading,
[00:11.08]Francis Bacon¹, who lived at about the same time as Shakespeare²,
[00:15.44]wrote these words: “Some books are to be tasted,
[00:19.88]others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed³ and digested”.
[00:24.71]This good advice shows how it is possible to read different types of books in different ways.
[00:31.19]For example, you might pick up a travel book and read a few pages before going to sleep.
[00:37.43]It is enough to dip into it and read bits here and there.
[00:41.69]In a word, this is “tasting”.
[00:45.17]Some stories are for “swallowing”.
[00:48.22]Imagine that you have found a good story,
[00:51.17]and what is even more important, the time to enjoy it.
[00:55.22]You might be on holiday, or on a long train journey.
[00:59.90]If it is a good book, you might say, “It’s so good that I can’t put it down.”
[01:05.46]But not all stories belong to this class.
[01:08.94]Reviewers sometimes describe books as “hard-to-put down” or “hard-to pick-up-again”.
[01:15.42]Other books are for reading slowly and carefully.
[01:18.76]If it is a book on a subject that you interested in,
[01:22.60]you will want to “chew and digest⁴ it”.
[01:25.16]That doest not mean reading it too slowly.
[01:28.22]When you pick up a book for the first time,
[01:30.85]check that it is not too difficult
[01:33.20]Do not start a book unless you can see from the first few pages that it is one that you can easily read and understand.
[01:41.75]Next, if it is not a story,
[01:45.22]get an idea of the organization of the book.
[01:48.46]Read the back cover and the introduction⁵.
[01:51.62]Look at the pictures and the short texts below them.
[01:54.99]Turn to the front of the book and look at the contents.
[01:59.04]This way you can decide whether the book is likely to interest you, and if so,and if so,
[02:04.60]then you can decide which parts of the book will the most useful and interesting.
[02:09.65]Here are some more reading tips.
[02:13.20]First, read a chapter quickly to get a general idea.
[02:17.12]Then, if you wish, you can read it once again more slowly,
[02:22.16]using a dictionary when necessary.
[02:24.90]Second, do not stop every time you come to a word or a phrase⁶ you do not know.
[02:30.78]Quite often you will find the unknown word appears again,
[02:35.14]perhaps several times,
[02:37.10]and by the end of the chapter you will have guessed its meaning.
[02:40.76]That is how we learn the meaning of words in our own language.
[02:44.83]Imagine that you come across this sentence in a book:
[02:48.57]“The house was beginning to get cold,
[02:51.02]so Daisy pulled her red, woolen⁷ cardigan out of her bag and put it on.”
[02:56.48]If you do not know the word “cardigan”,
[02:59.96]you can guess from the situation that it is made of wool and is put on the keep warm,
[03:03.61]and is therefore likely to be an article to clothing.
[03:09.54]By making guesses about the information and organization of a text,
[03:12.47]you will be better prepared to understand the meaning of the whole article as well as new words.
[03:20.41]For example, if the title of the article you are going to read is “The Generation Gap⁸”,
[03:27.18]you can start by thinking what you already know about the topic.
[03:31.33]You probably know that the generation gap refers to differences in opinions,
[03:37.57]thinking, and lifestyles between people of different generations.
[03:42.51]You can guess that the article will describe some common differences and perhaps explain why they exist and what problems there might be.If your guess is correct,
[03:44.55]If your guess is correct,
[03:46.19]the article will probably have paragraphs⁹ that compare and contrast¹⁰ the thinking of two or more different groups of people.
[04:03.25]There will probably that compare and contrast discuss causes and effects.
[04:07.90]Since you know from your writing class that most articles have three main parts-an introduction,
[04:14.46]a body and a conclusion-you can guess what each part will talk about

[04:19.63]In the case, the introduction will probably define¹¹ the generation gap,
[04:24.88]provide some background information, and point out some of the important questions.
[04:36.43]In the conclusion, the writer will probably summarise¹² the situation and try to answer some of the questions mentioned in the introduction.
[04:45.26]With a bit of practice,
[04:47.71]you can become quite good at predicting¹⁴ the content and organization of an article.
[04:52.55]You may also learn to predict¹³ what words will be used and what questions will be answered.
[04:58.11]The more guesses you make, the better you will understand the reading.
[05:02.79]If your guess is right,
[05:05.24]you will of course understand the article and it will be easy to remember the main ideas –because you already knew them.
[05:13.89]It doesn’t matter if your guesses are wrong.
[05:16.16]They will still help you to understand and remember the ideas better.
[05:20.91]When you read the article and come across something you didn’t know or expect,
[05:27.16]you will pay more attention to it.
[05:29.22]Finally, since you have prepared well,
[05:32.88]you can spend more time on the difficult and confusing¹⁵ parts.
[05:37.42]Without this preparation, you would have to deal with everything at once.
[05:42.70]Finally, decide what to read.
[05:46.25]Start by making a list of all the types of books you enjoy reading in Chinese.
[05:52.10]If you hate science stories,
[05:54.53]you are unlikely¹⁶ to enjoy reading them in English.
[05:57.90]If you enjoy reading short stories in Chinese,
[06:01.56]look for collections of English ones.
[06:03.91]Are there any hobbies of sports you particularly like?
[06:08.25]If so, look for books, articles or magazines about them.
[06:13.58]You can enlarge your knowledge and learn some English at the same time

1 bacon   

n.咸肉，熏肉

参考例句：

• He is frying the bacon.他在煎咸肉。
• This bacon is too salty for me.这块熏咸猪肉我觉得太咸了。

2 Shakespeare   

n.莎士比亚(16世纪英国剧作家、诗人)

参考例句：

• Shakespeare is a giant among writers.莎士比亚是作家中的巨擘.
• He read Shakespeare to help his English.他阅读莎士比亚的作品以提高自己的英语水平。

3 chewed   

v.咀嚼，咬( chew的过去式和过去分词 )；（因为紧张等）咬住，不停地啃，（为尝味道）不停地咀嚼

参考例句：

• The rats have chewed away some of the woodwork. 老鼠啃坏了一些木制品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The policeman chewed out the driver for reckless driving. 那位司机因为开车莽撞，被警察狠狠批评了一顿。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 digest   

vt.消化；领会，领悟，融会贯通；整理，做…的摘要；vi.消化；n.摘要，文摘

参考例句：

• It often takes a long time to digest new ideas.吸收新思想往往需要很长一段时间。
• I read only this digest of the novel.我只读过该小说的摘要。

5 introduction   

n.(to)介绍；传入，引进；导言，导论，绪论

参考例句：

• The introduction tells you how to use the book.引言告诉你怎样使用这本书。
• A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.凭一封介绍信准保会接待你。

6 phrase   

n.短语，词组；成语，习语

参考例句：

• The phrase was caught on and immediately became popular.这个短语被采用后很快就流行了。
• That's exactly the phrase I was looking for.这就是我一直找的那个短语。

7 woolen   

adj.羊毛(制)的；毛纺的

参考例句：

• She likes to wear woolen socks in winter.冬天她喜欢穿羊毛袜。
• There is one bar of woolen blanket on that bed.那张床上有一条毛毯。

8 gap   

n.缺口；间隔；差距；不足，缺陷

参考例句：

• We must see that there is no gap in our defence.我们必须确保我们的防御没有漏洞。
• There is a gap of five miles between towns.镇与镇之间相隔五英里。

9 paragraphs   

n.段落( paragraph的名词复数 )；短篇报道

参考例句：

• He transcribed two paragraphs from the book into his notebook. 他把书中的两段抄在笔记本上。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The text falls into three paragraphs. 这篇课文共分3段。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

10 contrast   

vt.使与…对比，使与…对照；vi. 与…形成对照；n.对比，对照，差异

参考例句：

• In contrast with her sister,she is very tall.与姐姐相比，她个子很高。
• Black hair is a sharp contrast to the white skin.黑发白肤形成鲜明的对照。

11 define   

vt.解释，下定义，阐述，限定，规定

参考例句：

• Please define the words.请解释这些字的意义。
• It's hard to define exactly what has changed.很难解释清楚到底发生了什么变化。

12 summarise   

vt.概括，总结

参考例句：

• I will summarise what I have done.我将概述我所做的事情。
• Of course,no one article can summarise the complexities of china today.当然，没有哪一篇文章能概括出中国今日的复杂性。

13 predict   

v.预知，预言，预报

参考例句：

• It's hard to predict how things will turn out.很难预测事情会变成怎么样。
• I cannot predict when to meet her again.我无法预测什么时候会再见到她。

14 predicting   

预言，预测，预示( predict的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• a reliable method of predicting earthquakes 预报地震的可靠方法
• Political commentators are predicting that the minister will have to resign. 政治评论员预言这位部长将会辞职。

15 confusing   

adj.混乱的，令人困惑的

参考例句：

• The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明含混不清。
• It's very confusing to learn a new language.学习一门新语言是很令人困惑的。

16 unlikely   

adj.未必的，多半不可能的；不大可能发生的

参考例句：

• It was very unlikely that he would do that.他不见得会做那种事。
• It is unlikely that she will come. 她不大可能来了。