动词的语气

动词的语气

一.概念

语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.

If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.

2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表

	if条件句中的谓与动词	主句的谓与动词
与现在的事实相反	1. 行为动词用did 形式 2. be动词用were	should would could   + 动词原形 might
与过去的事实相反	had + done	should would could   + have + done might
与将来的事实相反	1. 行为动词用did 2. should + 动词原形 3. were to + 动词原形	should would could   + 动词原形 might

3.混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.

2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.

3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

4)If China had not been liberated¹, the working people would still be leading a miserable² life.

4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”

needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”

5.虚拟语气中的倒装句

如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.

Were I you, I would do more practice after class.

Could she lend us a helping³ hand, she would do so.

6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了； 悔不该…； 但愿…。”

主句谓语	从句谓语
wish	时态	谓语动词的形式
	现在时 表示与wish同时发生	动词用过去时 be动词用were
	过去时 表示在wish之前发生的动作	动词用had done be用had been
	将来时 表示在wish之后发生的动作	动词用would do; should do be 用 would be ; should be

1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.

2)I wish I were ten years younger.

3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.

4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.

5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.

7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose⁴, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。

8.suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do

为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.

2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.

9.insist “坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal⁵, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。

11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型， 或should 省略。

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高考大纲3500单词卡片及默写本点击购买

1 liberated   

a.无拘束的，放纵的

参考例句：

• The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。
• The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应，释放出氧气。

2 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

3 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

4 propose   

v.提出，建议；提名，推荐

参考例句：

• Did he propose marriage to you?他向你求婚了吗？
• I propose resting for an hour.我建议休息一小时。

5 proposal   

n.提议，建议；求婚

参考例句：

• I feel that we ought to accept his proposal.我觉得我们应该接受他的建议。
• They could not gain over anyone to support their proposal.他们无法争取到支持他们建议的人。