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连词

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连词

.概念

   连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.

.相关知识点精讲

1.表示并列关系的连词有and, bothand, not only but also…和neithernor…等

1)and:和,并且

A:基本用法:

and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语和片语,句子和句子。

I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.

The weather becomes colder and colder.

B:特别用法:

祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用,此时and=if you,youll

Go straight on, and youll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.

2)bothand…既…也…,(两者)都…

Abothand…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

Both Jim and Kate are from England.

Bbothand…否定句表示部分否定。

You cant speak both German and English.

Both my father and my mother arent doctors.

3)neithernor:既不…也不…

neithernor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致,即采取就近原则。

Neither I nor he has seen the play before.

4)not onlybut also:不但…而且…

not onlybut also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。

 Not only the mother but also the children are ill.

2.表示转折关系的连词有but,  however, yet, stillwhile等。

Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming1.

Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.

He was very tired, still he kept on walking.

Your composition2 is fairly3 good, however, there is still some

room for improvement4.

Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.

3.表示选择关系的并列连词有or, eitheror,whether or…等。

1)or:或、否则

A:基本用法

or 表示 “或” 的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。

----Is your friend English or American? ----American.

He doesnt like dumplings or noodles.

B:特别用法

祁使句后连接or ,表 “如果…,否则…”,有转折的意思,此时 or =if you dont ,youll

Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.

2)eitheror:或者…或者…; 不是…就是…;要么…要么…

A.      eitheror…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致,即就近原则。

  Either you or I am right.

  Does either she or they like English?

B.      eitheror…引导的否定句是完全否定。

She isnt either a student or a teacher.

3)whetheror…不管…还是…

She is always cheerful5, whether at home or at school.

4.表示因果关系的并列连词有for(因为)so(所以)

He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.

It was late, so I went home.

5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。

After they had planted their crops6, they took a rest.

We have learned7 six lessons since he began to teach us.

As soon as he gets to Beijing, hell call me.

1) when, while, as 都表示“当……时”,when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词,可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,侧重主从句动作同时发生。as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主从句动作同时发生,强调“一边……一边”。

When I came in, my father was cooking.

I came in when/while my father was cooking.

He sang as he walked.

2)until用法:当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都用肯定式,译为“直到……为止”;当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,即not..until, 译为“直到……才”。

Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来)

Mr. Green didnt go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉)

6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if(如果), unless(除非,如果……不)等。

If you dont go soon, youll be late.=Unless you go soon, youll be late.

7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since

because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because,其引导的从句可放在句首或句末;as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强,引导的从句常置于句首;for是并列连词,语气最弱,对前面分句加以解释或补充说明,其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。

He didnt go to school because he was ill.

As it was raining, we went there by bus.

Since everybody is here, lets begin.

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

注意: because so不能同时使用。

8.引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:although/though(虽然,尽管), even though/if (即使)

Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.

Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldnt help him.

注意:although/though 引导的从句不能与but连用,但可与yet, still连用。

9.引导目的状语从句的从属连词so thatin order that(以便,为了)等。

The teacher spoke8 loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.

10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that(结果是)so/suchthat(如此…以至于)等。

It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze9.

He got there so early that he got a good seat.

It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.

11.引导比较状语从句的从属连词有: asas(与……一样),not as/so as(不及,赶不上),than()等。

I know you better than she does.

   He works10 as carefully as she.

   I cant run as/so fast as you.

12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有:that if/whether(是否)等。

We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)

I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句)

Whether hell go there hasnt been decided11.(主语从句)

注意:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。

Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.

He wont come unless he is invited.

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1 shortcoming vyiwg     
n.缺点,不足
参考例句:
  • Rudeness is his chief shortcoming.粗鲁是他主要的缺点。
  • You may point out our shortcoming,no matter when.你不管什么时候都可以指出我们的缺点。
2 composition aXxyE     
n.构成,成分;作文,作曲;(音乐等)作品
参考例句:
  • He played a piece of music of his own composition.他演奏了一首自己创作的曲子。
  • His composition has improved.他的作文有进步。
3 fairly tlEx6     
adv.公正地,正当地;相当;完全,简直
参考例句:
  • I think I was quite fairly treated by the police.我认为警察对我非常公正。
  • It fairly destroyed the machine.它将那部机器完全毁了。
4 improvement 39vxg     
n.改进,增进;改进之处,改善的地方
参考例句:
  • The doctor noticed a gradual improvement in his patient.医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。
  • I can detect signs of improvement in your thinking.我可以察觉出你思考问题方面的进步。
5 cheerful SU0yQ     
adj.快活的,高兴的,兴高采烈
参考例句:
  • Yellow is a cheerful colour.黄色是令人高兴的颜色。
  • This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
6 crops gvSzAB     
pl.农作物
参考例句:
  • Farmers are being encouraged to diversify into new crops. 目前正鼓励农民兼种新的农作物。
  • The crops will not grow on exposed hillsides. 在裸露的山坡上庄稼没法生长。
7 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
8 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
9 froze 43b9f1587f03e29147bc197688978b2d     
v.(使)结冰( freeze的过去式 );冷冻贮藏,冷藏;冻结(资金、银行账户等);(使)冻住
参考例句:
  • The girls froze him off when he wanted to join the party. 当他想参加舞会时,姑娘们拒绝了他。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The club members froze onto his suggestion for reorganizing the money. 俱乐部成员赞成他关于重新安排款项的提议。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
11 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
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