高中英语人教版必修5 05

[00:09.59]Reading
[00:11.76]FIRST AID FRO BURNS
[00:15.20]The skin is an essential part of your body
[00:19.12]and your body's largest organ.
[00:21.68]You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases¹,
[00:26.75]poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
[00:29.78]Your skin also keeps you warm or cool;
[00:33.20]it prevents your body from losing water;
[00:36.15]it is where you feel cold, heat or pain;
[00:39.42]and it giver you your sense of touch.
[00:42.06]So, as you can imagine,
[00:44.51]if you skin gets burned,
[00:45.95]it can be very serious.
[00:48.22]First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
[00:53.47]Causes of burns
[00:56.61]You can get burned by :
[00:59.43]hot liquids, steam, fire , radiation
[01:04.68](by being close to high hear or fire),
[01:08.05]the sun, electricity and chemicals.
[01:11.99]Types of burns
[01:14.95]There are three types of burns.
[01:17.58]Burns are called first degree,
[01:20.51]second degree or third degree burns,
[01:23.85]depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
[01:27.09]First degree burns  these affect only the top layer of the skin.
[01:34.07]These burns are not serious and should fell better within a day or two.
[01:38.61]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching² a hot pan³ or icon⁴ for a moment.
[01:45.85]Second degree burns
[01:49.01]these affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
[01:53.66]These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal⁵.
[01:57.63]Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
[02:03.56]Third degree burns
[02:05.91]these affect all three layers of the skin
[02:09.33]and any tissue⁶ and organs under the skin.
[02:12.49]Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,
[02:16.54]burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.
[02:20.09]These burns are very severe injuries
[02:23.26]and the victim must get to a hospital at once.
[02:26.39]Characteristics of burns
[02:31.64]First degree burns
[02:33.68]Dry, red and mildly swollen⁷
[02:36.73]Mildly painful
[02:38.88]Second degree burns
[02:43.84]Rough, red and swollen
[02:46.19]Blisters⁸
[02:47.86]Extremely painful
[02:51.31]Third degree burns
[02:54.24]Little or no pain if nerves⁹ are damaged;
[03:04.40]may be pain around edge of injured area
[03:07.66]first aid treatment
[03:11.71]1. Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
[03:18.97]Take off other clothing and jewellery near burns.
[03:23.42]2. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.
[03:26.48]It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.
[03:32.69](The cool water stops the burning process,
[03:35.98]stops the pain and prevents or reduces swelling¹⁰. )
[03:39.82]Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
[03:44.37]3. For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them
[03:51.45]until the pain is not so bad.
[03:54.09]For second degree burns,
[03:56.73]keep cloths on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.
[04:10.36]4. Dry the burned area gently.
[04:10.47]Do not rub¹¹,
[04:12.01]as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
[04:16.87]5. Cover the burned area with a dry,
[04:21.54]clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.
[04:25.20]Hold the bandage in place with tape.
[04:27.76]Never put butter, oil or ointments¹² on burns
[04:32.02]as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
[04:36.56]6. if burns are on arms or legs,
[04:42.49]keep them higher than the heart,
[04:44.71]if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.
[04:49.47]7. If the injuries are second degree or third degree burns ,
[04:49.47]get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
[04:53.41]Using Language
[04:59.92]Reading and discussing
[05:02.34]HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD
[05:06.47]Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson,
[05:10.83]was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown
[05:14.96]for carrying out lifesaving first aid on his neighbour

[05:19.19]after a shocking¹³ knife attack.
[05:21.60]John was presented with his award at a ceremony
[05:26.56]which recognized the bravery of ten people
[05:29.20]who had saved the life of another.
[05:31.63]John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
[05:35.78]When he and his father rushed outside,
[05:38.66]a man ran from the scene.
[05:40.69]They discovered that Anne Slade,
[05:43.57]mother of three, had been stabbed¹⁴ repeatedly¹⁵ with a knife.
[05:47.41]She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.
[05:52.16]Her hands had almost been cut off.
[05:55.40]It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.
[06:02.06]He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages,
[06:06.82]out when nobody could put their hands on any,
[06:09.82]his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.
[06:13.89]John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.
[06:19.64]He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
[06:26.25]"I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught,"
[06:33.20]John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.
[06:38.48]When congratulating John,
[06:40.83]Mr Alan Southerton, Director or the Young Lifesaver Scheme said,
[06:45.24]"There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and school saved Ms Slade's life .
[06:52.40]It shows that a know ledge¹⁶ of first aid can make a real difference."
[06:56.94]Before receiving their awards last night,
[07:00.37]John and the nine other Life Savers
[07:03.00]attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister

1 diseases   

n.疾病( disease的名词复数 )；弊端；恶疾；痼疾

参考例句：

• Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
• The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。

2 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

3 pan   

n.平底锅；v.严厉批评

参考例句：

• The water had all boiled away and the pan was burned.水煮干了，锅也烧坏了。
• The eggs were frying in the pan.鸡蛋正在锅里煎。

4 icon   

n.偶像，崇拜的对象，画像

参考例句：

• They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
• Click on this icon to align or justify text.点击这个图标使文本排齐。

5 heal   

v.使愈合，治愈，使康复；平息(争吵等)；消除，解决(分支等)

参考例句：

• Time helped heal the old wounds.时间有助于治愈旧创伤。
• This wound will soon heal if yon keep it clean.如果你保持伤口清洁，它很快就会痊愈。

6 tissue   

n.组织；薄纱，薄纸，手巾纸

参考例句：

• As we age we lose muscle tissue.肌肉组织会随着我们日趋衰老而萎缩。
• Athletes have hardly any fatty tissue.运动员几乎没有什么脂肪组织。

7 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

8 blisters   

n.水疱( blister的名词复数 )；水肿；气泡

参考例句：

• My new shoes have made blisters on my heels. 我的新鞋把我的脚跟磨起泡了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His new shoes raised blisters on his feet. 他的新鞋把他的脚磨起了水疱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 nerves   

n.神经紧张 vt.鼓起勇气

参考例句：

• What he said at the meeting strung her nerves up. 他在会议上的发言使她的神经很紧张。
• At the end of a day's teaching, her nerves were absolutely shattered. 教了一天课，她精疲力竭。

10 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

11 rub   

n.摩擦，困难，障碍，难点，磨损处；vt.擦，搓，摩擦，惹怒；vi.摩擦，擦破

参考例句：

• Don't let the wire rub up against the pipe.别让电线碰到管子上。
• He used to rub up against many famous movie stars.他过去经常偶然碰到许多有名的影星。

12 ointments   

n.软膏( ointment的名词复数 )；扫兴的人；煞风景的事物；药膏

参考例句：

• The firm has been dispensing ointments. 本公司配制药膏。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Antibiotic ointments are useful for concurrent bacterial infections. 抗菌素软膏对伴发的细菌感染是有用的。 来自辞典例句

13 shocking   

adj.令人气愤的；令人震惊的

参考例句：

• His attitude was shocking to her.他的态度令她感到震惊。
• Such behaviour is really shocking.这种行为真不像话。

14 stabbed   

adj. 刺中的, 中伤的, 刺穿的 动词stab的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• He was stabbed to death in a racist attack. 他遭到种族主义者的袭击，被刺死了。
• The woman stabbed at her attacker with a pair of scissors. 那个妇人手持剪刀向攻击者刺去。

15 repeatedly   

adv.重复地，再三地

参考例句：

• The loudspeakers blared the speech repeatedly.扬声器里反复大声地播送那篇演讲。
• He repeatedly beat his foot upon the floor.他反复用脚敲着地板。

16 ledge   

n.壁架，架状突出物；岩架，岩礁

参考例句：

• They paid out the line to lower him to the ledge.他们放出绳子使他降到那块岩石的突出部分。
• Suddenly he struck his toe on a rocky ledge and fell.突然他的脚趾绊在一块突出的岩石上，摔倒了。