上海牛津初中英语九年级下--CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER ONE
[00:44.25]READING
[00:45.74]Page 2 and 3
[00:48.43]THE YOUNG GREEN CONSUMER GUIDE
[00:51.51]Review by Tony Ma
[00:54.62]This book says that our world is in danger
[00:59.32]It is vital that we do something to save the earth
[01:04.21]First of all,what are the threats to our environment?
[01:09.72]The Greenhouse¹ Effect The writers ask us to
[01:16.72]'imagine the earth inside a kind of greenhouse
[01:21.71]with the atmosphere around it acting² like the glass,
[01:27.22]letting sunlight in while keeping much of the warmth from get-ting out
[01:34.01]The atmosphere is essential to all liv-ing things
[01:39.42]Without it,the earth would be as cold and lifeless
[01:44.72]as the surface of the moon'.
[01:47.91]'The trouble is that our atmosphere is changing
[01:53.01]because we are pollut-ing it with chemicals
[01:56.40]- in the form of gases and it is keeping in too much heat!
[02:03.30]These gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2),
[02:09.59]are produced by burn-ing fuels such as petrol.
[02:14.69]The Greenhouse Effect may cause the level of the sea
[02:19.86]to rise and drown cities and even whole countries.
[02:26.65]Damage to the ozone³ layer
[02:29.76]The writers tell us that 'ozone is a gas
[02:35.64]which occurs 20-50 km above the ground.
[02:41.33]It forms an essential protective⁴ layer around the earth
[02:47.24]Without it,the sun would burn us up.'
[02:51.91]We are making holes in the ozone layer mainly by using chemicals called CFCs
[03:01.50]We use these in fridges and spray⁵ cans
[03:06.70]and to make plastic items such as fast food boxes.
[03:13.41]Destruction of the rain forests
[03:17.20]The burning and cut-ting down of trees
[03:21.01]is making the Greenhouse Effect worse
[03:25.30]because trees take in CO2.
[03:29.89]It also causes erosion⁶ of the soil and flooding,
[03:35.67]as well as destroying the people and animals
[03:40.45]who make the forests their home.
[03:44.05]Bad habits Many of our habits cause pollution
[03:50.95]especially our habit of using things once and then throwing them away
[03:58.76]This creates massive⁷ mountains of rubbish.
[04:03.64]We do not know what to do with the rubbish
[04:07.72]and it pollutes our land and sea.
[04:12.00]For example, seven billion drink cans
[04:17.59]are thrown away in Britain each year.
[04:21.49]That is enough to reach from the earth to the moon.
[04:25.77]How can we save the earth?
[04:29.56]The book's idea is that we should become green consumers.
[04:36.14]That is, we should only buy and use things
[04:41.73]that do not damage the environment
[04:45.34]And we should buy only from companies
[04:50.32]that do not damage the environment either.
[04:54.22]LISTENING
[04:56.20]Page 5 and 6
[04:59.10]Understanding the sequence⁸ of events
[05:02.60]Listen to the five short stories on the recording⁹.
[05:07.41]For each story, look at the three pictures below and on page 6
[05:14.59]The pictures are in the wrong order.
[05:18.28]You must write 1, 2 and 3 to show the correct order
[05:24.78]in which the events happened.
[05:27.58]NO.1
[06:00.88]NO.2
[06:50.38]NO.3
[07:32.60]NO.4
[08:14.71]NO.5
[08:50.91]SPEAKING  Page10 and 11
[08:54.91]A Talk time Preferences and reasons
[09:01.60]When we express a pre-ference for something,
[09:06.38]we say we like it bet-ter than something else.
[09:10.58]Sometimes we give a reason why we prefer it.
[09:15.08]Exercise A1
[09:17.79]Arthur is in a res-taurant with Pansy.
[09:22.08]He is ordering some food and drinks.
[09:25.99]Read their conversa-tion and answer the questions.
[09:31.19]Then work in pairs to practise the conversa-tion.
[09:36.08]Let's have a drink,Pansy.They've got Coke milk, shakes, tea and coffee.
[09:44.59]Which would you prefer?
[09:43.59]I'd prefer a Coke.What about you?
[09:47.59]I'm going to have a hot coffee,
[09:50.70]I need something to warm me up. Waiter!
[09:56.29]One Coke and one coffee, please.
[09:59.79]MORE PRACTICE Page 15
[10:04.99]Pollution
[10:06.66]Pollution means contaminating¹⁰ the Earth's environment
[10:12.54]with materials that harm people's health
[10:17.32]and lower their quality of life.
[10:19.72]Pollution can also harm animals and plants.
[10:24.03]There are many different forms of pollution.
[10:27.92]The three major groups are air pollution,
[10:32.23]land pollution and water pollution.
[10:36.41]Air pollution comes from many different sources
[10:40.99]not all of them are man-made.
[10:44.88]For example, dust storms in deserts
[10:49.47]and the smoke from forest fires are natural sources of air pollution.
[10:55.87]In urban areas, dirty air is more noticeable¹¹
[11:01.47]because of the fumes  from traffic and the waste from factories
[11:07.66]Air pollution can affect humans by caus-ing sore eyes
[11:14.34]and respiratory problems,
[11:17.35]especially in children and the elderly.
[11:21.76]Land pollution is caused by the deposit¹² of solid waste
[11:28.35](e.g., cans, bottles,plastic, etc.)
[11:34.64]that cannot be broken down quickly or at all.
[11:39.24]Land pollution can affect the lives of animals and plants
[11:45.12]and it makes the en-vironment look very bad.
[11:49.50]Recycling and reusing materials
[11:54.10]can help reduce the amount of land pollution.
[11:58.41]Other methods include landfill
[12:02.59]using the rubbish to make new land -
[12:06.48]and burning the rubbish
[12:09.28]but these two methods can pollute the water and air.
[12:15.29]Water pollution re-sults when substances that are released¹³ into lakes
[12:23.39]rivers, oceans,etc. stay in the water or build up at the bottom.
[12:30.99]This form of pollution may also begin in the air if the air is polluted
[12:37.88]and causes acid¹⁴ rain.
[12:41.17]When it rains,the rain will then pollute the water in lakes, rivers oceans, etc.
[12:48.59]Soil erosion is one example of natural water pollution
[12:55.18]and can cause problems if the soil blocks the flow of water
[13:01.68]and leads to flooding.
[13:03.98]Pollution from human sources includes chemicals,
[13:09.18]pesticids,waste from factories and human sewage.
 

1 greenhouse   

n.花房，温室，玻璃暖房

参考例句：

• Behind the green house was a greenhouse.在那所绿房子后面是一个花房。
• The tomatoes were grown in the greenhouse.这些西红柿是在温室栽培的。

2 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

3 ozone   

n.臭氧，新鲜空气

参考例句：

• The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
• The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。

4 protective   

adj.防护的，保护的

参考例句：

• A mother naturally feels protective towards her children.做母亲的天生要保护自己的孩子。
• We feel safe with a protective device in the house.我们因为家里有了防护装置而感到安全。

5 spray   

v.喷，(使)溅散；n.浪花，飞沫；喷雾

参考例句：

• The liquid came out of the bottle in a spray.液体从瓶子里呈雾状喷出。
• We were wet with the sea spray.我们被海水的浪花溅湿。

6 erosion   

n.腐蚀，侵蚀，磨损，削弱，减少

参考例句：

• The erosion of beach here is serious.这里海岸的腐蚀很严重。
• Drought and soil erosion had long been a major problem.干旱和水土流失一直是个老大难问题。

7 massive   

adj.巨大的，大规模的，大量的，大范围的

参考例句：

• A massive sea search has failed to find any survivors.经过大规模的海上搜救仍未找到幸存者。
• He drank a massive amount of alcohol.他喝了大量的烈酒。

8 sequence   

n.连续，接续，一连串；次序，顺序

参考例句：

• He had to attend a sequence of meetings.他得参加一系列会议。
• The book is more satisfying if you read each chapter in sequence.这本书依次读各章会更好。

9 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

10 contaminating   

把…弄脏，污染( contaminate的现在分词 )； 玷污，毒害，腐蚀（人的思想或品德）

参考例句：

• They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these subversive ideas. 他们这些颠覆作乱的思想是对我们年轻人的精神污染。
• Preventing a terrorist or a disgruntled employee from contaminating milk, juice, produce, meat or any type of comestible is a daunting problem. 防止恐怖份子或怀恨在心的员工污染牛奶、果汁、农产品、肉类或各种食品，是个相当繁复且庞杂的工作。

11 noticeable   

adj.显而易见的；值得注意的

参考例句：

• The effect of the medicine is not yet noticeable. 药的效果还不显。
• There's been a noticeable improvement in his handwriting.他的书法有了明显的进步。

12 deposit   

n.定金，存款，矿藏；vt.使沉淀，寄存，储蓄

参考例句：

• There is too much deposit in a bottle of wine.酒瓶里有太多的沉淀物。
• The hotel requires a deposit for all advance bookings.旅馆规定凡预订房间都要先付订金。

13 released   

v.释放( release的过去式和过去分词 )；放开；发布；发行

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• With hindsight it is easy to say they should not have released him. 事后才说他们本不应该释放他，这倒容易。

14 acid   

n.酸；酸性物质；adj.酸的，酸性的

参考例句：

• Handle with care,or the acid may get out.小心轻放，否则酸会溢出来。
• The acid has been eating away the sides of the container.酸腐蚀着容器的四壁。