外研社新标准高中英语第三册--Model4-5

[00:01.00]Module 4 Sandstorms² in Asia
[00:11.40]Reading and Vocabulary
[00:13.71]Sandstorms in Asia
[00:16.35]Sandstorms have been a major disaster
[00:20.27]for many Asian countries for centuries.
[00:22.61]Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem
[00:26.86]and in China,
[00:28.18]a mass campaign³ has been started to help solve it.
[00:31.94]Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.
[00:37.41]They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun,
[00:41.40]and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes⁴.
[00:46.22]The four main places in the world
[00:49.70]where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America,
[00:53.66]Central Africa and Australia.
[00:57.29]Ren Jianbo,from Inner⁵ Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm¹
[01:03.51]he experienced⁶ as a child in the desert.
[01:06.23]"To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,"
[01:11.89]he said. "There was nothing to be done.
[01:14.98]It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation
[01:19.43]I've ever been in.
[01:21.02]You just had to hope you'd survive.
[01:23.62]I thought I was going to disappear under the sand."
[01:27.45]Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia.
[01:34.09]Sandstorms begin in desert areas.
[01:37.74]Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years
[01:42.75]as a result of "desertification".
[01:44.81]This is a process that happens when land becomes desert
[01:49.38]because of climate changes
[01:51.63]and because people cut down trees and dig⁷ up grass.
[01:55.70]Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.
[01:59.33]Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong wind
[02:03.59]that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.
[02:07.28]The storms sometimes continue all day
[02:10.85]and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
[02:16.52]The Chinese Central Weather Station
[02:19.54]can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing,
[02:23.71]but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.
[02:27.67]When a sandstorm arrives in the city,
[02:31.13]weather experts advise people not to go out.
[02:34.20]Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says,
[02:38.11]"To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.
[02:41.56]The winds are very strong.
[02:43.63]It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.
[02:47.75]So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask."
[02:52.00]The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing.
[02:57.59]To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
[03:02.20]Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees
[03:06.78]and plans to continue planting for the next five years.
[03:10.93]Listening and Vocabulary
[03:16.76]Activity 2 Listen to environental expert's speech.
[03:22.34]Put the topic below in the order you hear.
[06:30.96]Activity 3 Check the meaning of the words.
[09:51.75]Activity 4 Listen again.Complete the sentenses.
[13:06.05]Pronunciation and Function
[13:11.81]Activity 1
[13:14.07]Listen and underline⁸ the words the speaker stresses.
[13:18.20]I couldn't agree with you more.
[13:22.02]I think you're absolutely right.
[13:27.29]It's extremely⁹ serious.
[13:32.44]Activity 2
[13:39.29]Decide which words the speaker will stress.
[13:43.18]Now listen and check.
[13:47.56]Try to stress the key words and use the correct intonation¹⁰.
[13:53.04]I have no idea.
[13:55.88]It couldn't be worse.
[14:00.77]It's absolutely hopeless.
[14:05.57]Cultural Corner
[14:12.00]Read the passage and answer these questions.
[14:15.21]1. How do countries in Europe try to improve the environment?
[14:21.69]2. Are there organisations in China
[14:27.14]whose aim is to protect the environment?
[14:30.01]3.What do you know about these organisations?
[14:35.81]The Green Movement
[14:39.04]Some countries are better than others at looking after the environment.
[14:44.45]In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries
[14:49.18]work very hard to improve the environment.
[14:52.63]People in countries such as Germany
[14:56.02]put their garbage into different bags-paper in one bag,
[15:00.55]plastic in another bag, etc.
[15:03.01]The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
[15:09.46]CFCs (chlorofluro-carbons ),
[15:13.64]chemicals which are found in refrigerators and aerosol¹¹ cans,
[15:17.32]are not allowed.
[15:19.20]There are laws that do not allow people to bum¹² too much coal.
[15:23.65]In the 1970s, as people learnt more about environmental¹³ problems,
[15:30.17]the "Green" movement began and soon spread all over Europe.
[15:35.38]The "Green" movement tries to get governments to think seriously
[15:40.86]about the environment and how to look after it.
[15:44.33]It collects information about how industry is damaging the environment
[15:50.38]and gives this information to newspapers.
[15:53.99]Module 4 Word List
[16:02.64]sandstorm n.沙尘暴
[16:05.84]frightening adj.吓人的;可怕的
[16:08.00]inland adj.内地的;内陆的
[16:11.17]mass adj.大量的;大规模的
[16:14.31]campaign n.战役;活动
[16:17.29]dune n.沙丘
[16:20.46]desertification n.(土地的) 沙漠化
[16:25.12]process n. 进程;过程
[16:29.18]citizen n.公民;市民
[16:32.81]dust n.沙尘;灰尘
[16:37.11]forecast vt.预报;预告
[16:41.58]strength n.力量; 力气
[16:44.77]cycle vi.骑自行车
[16:48.47]mask n.面罩
[16:52.75]atmosphere n.大气;大气层
[16:56.41]carbon n. 碳
[16:59.59]dioxide n.二氧化物
[17:03.58]chemical n.化学药品
[17:07.17]environment n.环境
[17:12.10]garbage n.废料; 垃圾
[17:15.64]melt vi. 融化
[17:18.75]pollution n. 污染·
[17:22.81]recycle v. 重新利用;再循环
[17:28.06]coastal adj. 沿海的
[17:31.28]concerned adj.关心的;担心的
[17:35.99]evidence n.根据; 证明
[17:39.99]major adj.主要的;多数钠
[17:44.70]urgent adj.紧急的
[17:48.43]pollute vt.污染
[17:52.47]complain vi.抱怨; 发牢
[17:56.65]nutshell n.坚果壳，简单的一句话
[18:01.01]scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的
[18:04.98]absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地
[18:08.40]protection n.保护
[18:12.60]Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
[18:23.43]Reading and Vocabulary
[18:25.87]Philosophers¹⁵ of Ancient China
[18:28.39]Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
[18:35.04]But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
[18:40.18]Confucius¹⁶ (551BC - 479BC) is the philosopher¹⁴
[18:48.34]whose influence has been the greatest.
[18:50.68]He stressed¹⁷ the importance of kindness,duty and order in society.
[18:58.04]Chinese society was influenced by these ideas
[19:02.93]for more than 2,000 years.
[19:05.76]Mencius was a thinker¹⁸ whose teachings¹⁹
[19:10.40]were very similar to those of Confucius.
[19:13.18]Mencius was born in 372 BC.
[19:18.60]His father died when he was young,
[19:21.95]and he was brought up by his mother.
[19:24.61]He became a student of Confucius's ideas,
[19:29.60]and was then given an important position in the government of a state.
[19:35.08]However,
[19:37.15]when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice,
[19:41.47]he resigned²⁰.
[19:42.91]For many years he travelled from state to state,
[19:47.95]teaching the principles of Confucius.
[19:51.11]He then became an adviser²¹ to another ruler.
[19:55.93]He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings
[20:01.24]called The Book of Mencius.
[20:03.75]Mencius believed that the reason
[20:07.53]why man is different from animals is that man is good.
[20:12.64]He taught that if the government was kind,
[20:17.04]then people would be good.
[20:19.46]He believed that people were more important than rulers,
[20:25.13]and hated the state when it treated people badly.
[20:29.11]Mozi was another teacher who was very influential²².
[20:35.49]Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.
[20:42.22]He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.
[20:47.31]Mozi founded the philosophy²³ called Mohism.
[20:52.70]In some ways,his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.
[20:57.70]For example, he considered that government was most important.
[21:03.08]As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state
[21:08.72]where people would follow his teachings.
[21:11.34]Mozi believed that all men were equal.
[21:15.86]His ideal²⁴ of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.
[21:21.96]Mozi taught that we should love all human beings
[21:27.22]and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.
[21:30.62]He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.
[21:38.25]Pronounciation
[21:43.22]Listen to these pharses.
[21:45.33]Decide which sound links the words that are joined:
[21:49.45]/w/ as in we or /j/ as in you.
[21:55.61]1.Let's go out.
[21:59.75]2.Who are they?
[22:05.01]3. It was the end of the story.
[22:11.71]4.I'll buy it tomorrow.
[22:18.01]5.Please go in.
[22:23.62]6.I don't know who anybody is.
[22:29.76]7.We agreed to do it.
[22:36.38]8.My aunt is late.
[22:42.18]Now listen again and repeat the sentenses.
[22:48.59]1.Let's go out.
[22:52.33]2.Who are they?
[22:58.22]3. It was the end of the story.
[23:04.44]4.I'll buy it tomorrow.
[23:10.47]5.Please go in.
[23:16.47]6.I don't know who anybody is.
[23:22.32]7.We agreed to do it.
[23:29.25]8.My aunt is late.
[23:35.61]Listening and Vocabulary
[23:42.41]Activity 1
[23:43.79]Work in pairs.
[23:51.13]You will hear a passage about important Chinese inventions.
[23:51.34]Decide which words you think you'll hear.
[23:54.38]Now listen and check.
[26:46.90]Activity 2
[26:52.27]Listen to the passage in which five important inventions
[26:56.54]are described.Match the dates with the inventions.
[27:01.01]Now listen and check your answers
 

1 sandstorm   

n.沙尘暴

参考例句：

• Have you watched the news about sandstorm?你看沙尘暴的新闻了吗？
• In the next few days there will be a sandstorm.未来的几天将有沙尘暴。

2 sandstorms   

n.沙暴，尘暴( sandstorm的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The area used to be struck by raging sandstorms. 这个地区过去风沙猖獗。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Sandstorms and high level jet stream always occurred together. 沙尘暴与高空急流总是相伴出现。 来自互联网

3 campaign   

n.运动；竞选活动；战役；vi.参加运动；进行竞选；作战

参考例句：

• The election campaign heated up in that state.该州竞选运动激烈起来了。
• The campaign had begun during his absence.在他不在期间运动已经开始了。

4 dunes   

沙丘( dune的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The boy galloped over the dunes barefoot. 那男孩光着脚在沙丘间飞跑。
• Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat. 将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。

5 inner   

adj.内部的，里面的；内在的，内心的；精神的

参考例句：

• The label is on the inner side of the box.标签贴在盒子内侧。
• Other people seek the mountains for renewal of their inner lives.另一些人到深山中去，寻求新的精神生活。

6 experienced   

adj.有经验的；经验丰富的，熟练的

参考例句：

• Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
• Perhaps you and I had better change over;you are more experienced.也许我们的工作还是对换一下好，你比我更有经验。

7 dig   

v.挖（洞，沟等）；掘

参考例句：

• It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen.地面冻住了就不易挖掘。
• In those days we often went to dig for wild vegetables.那时候我们常常出去挖野菜。

8 underline   

n.下划线；加下划线；vt.在…下面划线；强调

参考例句：

• Underline all the sentences you do not know.在你不懂的所有句子下面划一条线。
• Please underline the noun clauses in the passage.请用线画出短文中的名词性从句。

9 extremely   

adv.极其，非常，极度

参考例句：

• The film is extremely good,I just cannot miss it.这部电影太精彩了，我非看不可。
• The old man was extremely difficult to get along with.这个老人极难相与。

10 intonation   

n.语调，声调；发声

参考例句：

• The teacher checks for pronunciation and intonation.老师在检查发音和语调。
• Questions are spoken with a rising intonation.疑问句是以升调说出来的。

11 aerosol   

n.悬浮尘粒，气溶胶，烟雾剂，喷雾器

参考例句：

• They sprayed aerosol insect repellent into the faces of police.他们将喷雾驱虫剂喷在了警察的脸上。
• Aerosol particles affect visibility,climate,and our health and quality of life.气溶胶对大气能见度、气候变化以及人类健康等有重要影响。

12 bum   

n.臀部；流浪汉，乞丐；vt.乞求，乞讨

参考例句：

• A man pinched her bum on the train so she hit him.在火车上有人捏她屁股，她打了那人。
• The penniless man had to bum a ride home.那个身无分文的人只好乞求搭车回家。

13 environmental   

adj.环境的

参考例句：

• A global environmental meeting is going to be held here.一个全球环境会议将在这里举行。
• We need to cure our environmental problems.我们需要解决环境问题。

14 philosopher   

n.哲学家，哲人

参考例句：

• The philosopher has his ideas built on the rock of reason.那位哲学家把思想稳固地建立于理性之上。
• What a philosopher seeks after is truth.一个哲学家所追求的是真理。

15 philosophers   

n.哲学家( philosopher的名词复数 )；豁达的人

参考例句：

• Philosophers sometimes overweight their negativism. 哲学家往往偏重于否定态度。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Strictly speaking, they shouldn't be called philosophers, but rather 'philophilosophers.' 严格讲起来，他们不该叫哲学家Philophilosophers,该叫‘哲学家学家’philophilosophers.” 来自汉英文学 - 围城

16 Confucius   

n.孔子(中国古代教育家、儒家创始人)

参考例句：

• Confucius was one of the wisest teachers of all times.孔子是有史以来最为博学的教师之一。
• Confucius's many words are wisdom.孔子的很多话都是至理名言。

17 stressed   

adj.紧张的，有压力的

参考例句：

• Loud music makes me stressed out.大声的音乐让我很紧张。
• He stressed that we should always be honest.他强调我们应该永远诚实。

18 thinker   

n.思想家，思考者

参考例句：

• There lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.希腊有一个名叫亚里斯多德的伟大思想家。
• He is a loose thinker.他是个思维不严密的人。

19 teachings   

n.教学( teaching的名词复数 )；教学工作；教诲；学说

参考例句：

• We must never be unworthy of our teachers' untiring and sincere teachings. 我们决不要辜负老师的谆谆教导。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The Party's teachings were ringing in her ears. 党的教导在她耳边回响。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

20 resigned   

adj. 认命的, 服从的, 听任的

参考例句：

• He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches. 他辞去了内政大臣的职务，回到后座议员席。
• Reports that he has resigned are nonsense. 有关他已经辞职的报道是无稽之谈。

21 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

22 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

23 philosophy   

n.哲学，人生观，原理

参考例句：

• He believed in the philosophy of Russell.他信奉罗素的哲学。
• I can't sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence.我无法用一句话来概括他的全部人生观。

24 ideal   

adj.理想的，完美的；空想的，观念的；n.理想

参考例句：

• The weather at the seaside was ideal—bright and breezy.海边的天气最宜人，风和日丽的。
• They promised to be faithful to their ideal for ever. 他们保证永远忠于自己的理想。