英语四级听力-短对话 291

 Section C Compound Dictation

Throughout history the basic unit of almost every human society has been the family. Members of a family live together under the same roof, and they share the economic (36) ______ of life as well as its affectionate joys. It is the family that has (37) ______ responsibility for the important task of raising children to adulthood¹.

The family is not a uniform concept in all societies. In many places it is an (38) ______ group that includes uncles, aunts, (39) ______ and in-laws. The head of the family usually has considerable influence in arranging marriages, selecting careers and (40) ______ all the important moves and (41) ______ by any member of the family. (42) ______ where the society or the state does not give aid and where (43) ______ the responsibilities of the family are greater, (44) _______________________________________________________ .

In many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the "nuclear family" is the basic social unit. (45) _____________________________________________________________________ . Industrialization and urbanization create many specialized² jobs which tend to scatter³ family members among different employers and thus to separate residences as soon as they become wage earners. (46) _______________________________________________________________ .

答案解析：

36. 答案：burdens

解析：根据并列结构中句子最后的joys可知此处需要名词复数形式。

37. 答案：primary

解析：根据后面的名词可知此处需要定语。primary responsibility意为“主要责任”。

38. 答案：extended

解析：根据后面的名词可知此处需要定语，听到extend时应该反应出是过去分词作定语，注意不要漏掉-ed。

39. 答案：cousins

解析：根据上下文可知此处需要表示亲戚关系的复数名词。

40. 答案：determining

解析：根据并列结构中and前的selecting可知此处是个-ing分词，即使听不清，也要补上-ing。

41. 答案：purchases

解析：根据并列结构中and前的moves可知此处需要复数名词。

42. 答案：Particularly

解析：根据上下文，此处需要表示递进关系的副词，句首字母要大写。

43. 答案：consequently

解析：根据并列结构，此处仍然需要副词。consequently ad. 从而，因此。

44. 标准答案：this larger group provides better protection in times of economic crises or other emergencies

听音关键：large group, better protection, in crises/emergencies

答案重构：(1) this large group provides better protection in (case of) economic crises or other emergencies

(2) the extended group provides better protection when facing economic crises or other emergencies

画龙点睛：此句注意两处比较级、主谓一致、crisis的复数形式crises；emergencies不要漏掉i。此处的larger group就是前文提到的extended group。

45. 标准答案：This term refers to a husband and wife united through marriage and their dependent children, whether natural or adopted

听音关键：term, husband, wife, their dependent children, natural or adopted

答案重构：A nuclear family involves a husband and wife and their natural or adopted children, who depend on them

画龙点睛：这句话是在解释前面的术语，注意下定义的常用短语refer to。若照原文听写，united为过去分词作后置定语，不可漏掉d；whether natural or adopted补充说明孩子的身份。改写的目的往往是为了避免照搬复杂原文时出错，如果能够保证不出错，其实不一定非要改写。

46. 标准答案：The small family, with one or perhaps two incomes, is better able to adapt to rapid change and to move when jobs move

听音关键：small family, two incomes, better, adapt to rapid change, move

答案重构：With one or two incomes, it's easier for the small family to adapt to rapid change and job transfer

画龙点睛：先抓主系表，再补充with短语表达的信息。注意比较结构、be able to后面两个并列动词adapt, move。掌握with短语作定语，对于听力和写作都有帮助。

1 adulthood   

n.成年，成人期

参考例句：

• Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
• Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。

2 specialized   

adj.专门的，专业化的

参考例句：

• There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
• These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

3 scatter   

vt.撒，驱散，散开；散布/播；vi.分散，消散

参考例句：

• You pile everything up and scatter things around.你把东西乱堆乱放。
• Small villages scatter at the foot of the mountain.村庄零零落落地散布在山脚下。