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2020年经济学人 巴托比职场专栏--年轻人的工作偏好和就业市场不匹配(3)

时间:2020-02-26 01:19来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in ?ve computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time when the World Economic Forum1 predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions. But women are underrepresented in some important ?elds of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing2, for example. Something about the tech industry puts o? female applicants3.

科技行业的情况更糟。世界经济论坛预测,在英国的新兴职业中,技术将创造超过四分之一的就业岗位,而只有五分之一的计算机科学大学生是女性,这是个大问题。而在一些重要的技术领域,女性的比例偏低;例如,只有12%女性的工作在云计算领域。科技行业的某些东西让女性申请者望而却步。

Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors4, which are also poised5 for expansion. The bls forecasts that eight of the 12 fastest-growing jobs in America over the next few years will be in those areas, with roles ranging from occupational-therapy assistants to genetic6 counsellors. The snag is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides (with the third- and fourth-fastest growth rates, respectively) had median annual salaries in 2018 of just over $24,000.

妇女在保健和社会保健部门发挥更大的作用,这些部门也准备扩大。劳工统计局预测,未来几年美国12个增长最快的工作中有8个将属于这些领域,从职业治疗助理到基因顾问。问题是,其中一些工作的薪水并不高。家庭健康和个人护理助理(增长率分别位居第三和第四)2018年的平均年薪略高于2.4万美元。

Some jobs in health care are extremely lucrative7, of course. But another gender8 imbalance emerges here: women make up only one-third of American health-care executives. In contrast, they tend to dominate the poorly paid social-care workforce9. In Britain 83% of social-care workers are female. That suggests men shun10 the ?eld, perhaps because they do not perceive caring to be a masculine trait.

当然,医疗行业的一些工作薪水丰厚。但这里出现了另一种性别失衡:医疗行业高管中女性的比例仅为三分之一。相比之下,低收入的社会护理劳动力则更多为女性。在英国,83%的社会福利工作者是女性。这表明男性回避这个领域,也许是因为男性认为护理工作太不具有男性特征了。

The biggest problem in the labour market, then, may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs. It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist11 will recognise this as an ine?cient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies—be it the education system, government policy or corporate12 recruiting practices—it needs to be identi?ed and ?xed.

因此,劳动力市场的最大问题可能不是青少年专注于一些众所周知的工作。这可能是一种错位:没有足够多的有才华的女性进入科技行业,也没有足够多的男性从事社会福利工作。任何经济学家都会认识到,这是一种对资源的低效利用。无论问题的根源在哪里——无论是教育体系、政府政策还是企业招聘实践——都需要加以识别和修正。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 forum cilx0     
n.论坛,讨论会
参考例句:
  • They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
  • The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。
2 computing tvBzxs     
n.计算
参考例句:
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
3 applicants aaea8e805a118b90e86f7044ecfb6d59     
申请人,求职人( applicant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
  • He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。
4 sectors 218ffb34fa5fb6bc1691e90cd45ad627     
n.部门( sector的名词复数 );领域;防御地区;扇形
参考例句:
  • Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 poised SlhzBU     
a.摆好姿势不动的
参考例句:
  • The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop. 老鹰在半空中盘旋,准备俯冲。
  • Tina was tense, her hand poised over the telephone. 蒂娜心情紧张,手悬在电话机上。
6 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
7 lucrative dADxp     
adj.赚钱的,可获利的
参考例句:
  • He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
  • It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。
8 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
9 workforce workforce     
n.劳动大军,劳动力
参考例句:
  • A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
  • A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。
10 shun 6EIzc     
vt.避开,回避,避免
参考例句:
  • Materialists face truth,whereas idealists shun it.唯物主义者面向真理,唯心主义者则逃避真理。
  • This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.这个极端主义组织有意避开了传统政治。
11 economist AuhzVs     
n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
参考例句:
  • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
  • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
12 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
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TAG标签:   2020年听力  经济学人
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