2020年经济学人 一周要闻 全球市场动荡 石油价格下跌 迪士尼CEO辞职

The world this week

本周要闻

Business

商业

Global markets had a turbulent week amid heightened concern about the economic impact of the coronavirus outbreak. The S&P 500 index dropped by 3.4% in a day, its worst daily performance in two years; over a week it was down by 8% from the record high it had recently attained¹. Stockmarkets in Europe and Japan also swooned. As investors² piled into safe assets, the yield on the ten-year us Treasury³ bond closed at its lowest-ever point. The vix index, a measure of stockmarket volatility⁴, spiked⁵ to its highest level in two years.

全球市场经历了动荡的一周，人们越来越担心冠状病毒爆发对经济的影响。标准普尔500指数一天内下跌了3.4%，是两年来最糟糕的一天；一个多星期以来，它从最近达到的最高记录下降了8%。欧洲和日本股市也暴跌。随着投资者纷纷涌入安全资产，10年期美国国债收益率收于历史最低点。衡量股市波动性的波动率指数飙升至两年来的最高水平。

Oil prices also fell sharply, as the coronavirus led forecasters to lower their projections⁶ for demand sharply. Brent crude traded below $53 a barrel, a big dip from the almost $70 it had reached at the start of the year. Curtailed⁷ travel because of the outbreak could cost the airline industry alone $29bn in lost revenue, according to one estimate.

石油价格也大幅下跌，因为冠状病毒导致预测者大幅降低了对需求的预测。布伦特原油交易价格跌破每桶53美元，较年初接近70美元的水平大幅下跌。据一项估计，由于疫情而减少的旅行可能仅航空业就损失290亿美元的收入。

A long list of companies warned about the impact of coronavirus on their business, including Microsoft, Anheuser-Busch InBev and Rio Tinto. The latter is a big provider of iron ore to China, where dozens of blast furnaces have been closed because of restrictions⁸ on movement.

包括微软、百威和力拓矿业集团在内的许多公司都对冠状病毒对其业务的影响发出了警告。力拓矿业集团是中国的大型铁矿石供应商，中国有数十座高炉因为运输限制而关闭。

Wells Fargo agreed to pay $3bn to settle with America's Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission over a mis-selling scandal. Between 2002 and 2016 thousands of employees at the bank who were under pressure to meet sales targets created millions of fake accounts for customers. The scandal dented⁹ the image of Wells Fargo, one ofthe few banks to emerge from the financial crisis with its reputation intact.

富国银行同意支付30亿美元，与美国司法部和美国证券交易委员会就不当销售丑闻达成和解。2002年至2016年间，该银行有数千名员工迫于销售目标的压力，为客户创建了数百万个虚假账户。这一丑闻损害了富国银行的形象，它是少数几家安然无恙地走出金融危机的银行之一。

一周要闻 全球市场动荡 石油价格下跌 迪士尼CEO辞职.png

Mexico's gdp shrank by 0.1% in 2019,the first full year in power for President Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Mr López Obrador came to office promising¹⁰ to turbocharge growth through a mixture of spending and investment, but last year was the economy's worst performance in a decade. The central bank cutits forecastfor growth this year.

墨西哥的GDP在2019年下降了0.1%，2019年是总统安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔执政的第一个完整年度。洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔上任时承诺，将通过消费和投资的结合来推动经济增长，但去年是十年来经济表现最差的一年。央行预测今年经济增长。

Sales from recorded music in America hit $11bn last year,the mostin over a decade,though still some way short ofthe $14.6bn chalked up in1999, when cds ruled the charts. Four-fifths of music revenue now comes from streaming.

去年，美国唱片销售额达到110亿美元，是十多年来的最高水平，不过它仍比1999年的146亿美元少了一些，当时唱片占据了主导地位。如今，五分之四的音乐收入来自流媒体。

Although he has announced and then delayed his departure four times as Disney's chief executive, Bob Iger took markets, and employees, by surprise when he stepped down from the job with immediate¹¹ effect. After taking the reins¹² in 2005 Mr Iger expanded Disney's content catalogue by acquiring several film studios (culminating in 21st Century Fox last year), turning Disney into an entertainment behemoth. Mr Iger is staying on as executive chairman until 2021 to focus on the creative side of the business. Bob Chapek, the new ceo, fresh from running Disney's theme parks, will report to Mr Iger.

尽管鲍勃·伊格尔作为迪士尼首席执行官曾四次宣布并推迟离职，但是鲍勃·伊格尔的立即辞职，令市场和员工感到意外。2005年掌权之后，伊格尔通过收购几家电影公司(去年在收购21世纪福克斯公司时达到顶峰)扩大了迪斯尼的内容目录，把迪斯尼打造成了一个娱乐巨头。伊格尔将留任执行董事长至2021年，专注于公司创意方面的工作。新上任的首席执行官鲍勃·恰佩克此前负责运营迪斯尼主题公园，他将向艾格汇报工作。

1 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

4 volatility   

n.挥发性，挥发度，轻快，（性格）反复无常

参考例句：

• That was one reason why volatility was so low last year.这也是去年波动性如此低的原因之一。
• Yet because volatility remained low for so long,disaster myopia prevailed.然而，由于相当长的时间里波动性小，灾难短视就获胜了。

5 spiked   

adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的

参考例句：

• The editor spiked the story. 编辑删去了这篇报道。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They wondered whether their drinks had been spiked. 他们有些疑惑自己的饮料里是否被偷偷搀了烈性酒。 来自辞典例句

6 projections   

预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物

参考例句：

• Their sales projections are a total thumbsuck. 他们的销售量预测纯属估计。
• The council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。

7 curtailed   

v.截断，缩短( curtail的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Spending on books has been severely curtailed. 购书开支已被大大削减。
• Their public health programme had to be severely curtailed. 他们的公共卫生计划不得不大大收缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

9 dented   

v.使产生凹痕( dent的过去式和过去分词 )；损害；伤害；挫伤（信心、名誉等）

参考例句：

• The back of the car was badly dented in the collision. 汽车尾部被撞后严重凹陷。
• I'm afraid I've dented the car. 恐怕我把车子撞瘪了一些。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

11 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

12 reins   

感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带

参考例句：

• She pulled gently on the reins. 她轻轻地拉着缰绳。
• The government has imposed strict reins on the import of luxury goods. 政府对奢侈品的进口有严格的控制手段。