2020年经济学人 马什皮·万帕诺亚格部落的保留地危机(2)

In 2018 the Department of Interior reversed thedecision to recognise the reservation, rolling backthe interpretation¹ of what is an indian". "They'renot supposed to change the roles on you mid-game", says Heather Sibbison of Dentons, the tribe's lawfirm. The tribe sued. A federal appeals court ruled inFebruary that the tribe must show it was "underfederal jurisdiction²" in 1934, when the IndianReorganisation Act was passed. This statute³ allowedIndian tribes ro govern themselves and protectedtribal land by putting it into trust.

2018年，内政部撤销了承认保留地的决定，撤销了对“什么是印第安人”的解释。部落律师事务所Dentons的希瑟·西比森表示，“他们不该在游戏中途改变你的角色。”部落对此进行了起诉。联邦上诉法院在2月份裁定，该部落必须表明其在1934年通过《印度重组法》时，受联邦管辖。这项法令允许印第安部落自治，并且可以通过托管部落土地的方式进行保护。

The tribe has asked for a preliminary injunction to prevent the land from being taken out oftrust until the cases are resolved.A judge will make a decision by early June on whether togrant the order.Congress, meanwhile, is working on a bill that would supersede⁴ the courtruling. A bill backed by both parties pillised the House last year, but has yet to reach the floorof the Senate. Donald Trump⁵ is not a fan of lndian- run casinos. He believed that "so-calledIndians" undercut his casinos in the 1990s.Some of his inner circle and donors⁶ are in thecasino business and may agree.

该部落申请一个预先禁令，以防止土地被夺走，直到案件得到解决。法官将于六月初作出是否批准这项禁令的决定。同时，国会正在制定一项法案，取代法院的裁决。去年，一项由两党共同支持的法案在众议院引起轰动，但尚未在参议院获得通过。唐纳德·特朗普不喜欢印第安经营的赌场。他认为“所谓的印度人”在上世纪90年代削弱了他的赌场的利润。他的一些从事赌场生意的核心圈子以及捐赠者可能会认同。

Other tribes are worried about what the decision means for them. More than 100 other tribeshave gained federal recognition since 1934 and hold thousands of acres of land in trust.MrCromwell said he was "blindsided" by the call in March from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Hethought the bureau was checking in to see how the tribe was coping with covid-19, which hashit Native Americans particularly hard.

其他部落担心，这个决定对他们意味着什么。自1934年以来，还有100多个部落获得了联邦政府的承认，并托管了数千英亩土地。克伦威尔表示，他对印第安事务局3月份的要求感到“措手不及”。他认为该局正在调查该部落是如何应对covid-19的，这场疫情对美洲原住民的打击尤其严重。

The impact of disestablishment extends beyond the casino. The tribe had started buildinghousing for its community and a childcare centre on the land. Those projects, along with atribal courthouse, could be in jeopardy⁷. Losing the land itself is a possibility, if they cannot paytaxes.Federal recognition is not at risk, but Ms Sibbison wonders what that is worth if land andsovereignty can be taken away.

撤销保留地的影响不仅限于赌场。该部落已开始为其社区建造住房，并在土地上建立了一个儿童保育中心。这些项目，连同一个部落法院，可能会受到威胁。如果他们不能纳税，就有可能失去土地。联邦政府的承认并没有风险，但西比森女士想知道，如果土地和主权被夺走，联邦政府的承认还有什么价值。

1 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

2 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

3 statute   

n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例

参考例句：

• Protection for the consumer is laid down by statute.保障消费者利益已在法令里作了规定。
• The next section will consider this environmental statute in detail.下一部分将详细论述环境法令的问题。

4 supersede   

v.替代；充任

参考例句：

• We must supersede old machines by new ones.我们必须以新机器取代旧机器。
• The use of robots will someday supersede manual labor.机器人的使用有一天会取代人力。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 jeopardy   

n.危险；危难

参考例句：

• His foolish behaviour may put his whole future in jeopardy.他愚蠢的行为可能毁了他一生的前程。
• It is precisely at this juncture that the boss finds himself in double jeopardy.恰恰在这个关键时刻，上司发现自己处于进退两难的境地。