2020年经济学人 白芝浩专栏--戴高乐对鲍里斯·约翰逊的借鉴意义(2)

De Gaulle tackled France’s loss of self-confidence by speaking for “la France profonde” and insisting that “France cannot be France without grandeur¹”. France could easily have wallowed in despair after the war or—what amounted to the same thing—listened more enthusiastically to Marxist intellectuals such as Jean-Paul Sartre. De Gaulle regarded national pride as the only cure for national suicide. Johnson has the same life-preserving instincts. He likes to think that he speaks for Middle England. He identifies Britain with “greatness” as naturally as the general identified France with “grandeur”. He is repulsed² by the left’s characterisation of Britain’s past as nothing but a story of oppression and exploitation. It is not only factually wrong, in his view: it is also damaging to teach children to be ashamed of their country’s past.

戴高乐通过演讲“恒久法兰西”，并坚持“没有了伟大，就没有了法国”，来应对法国的自信心丧失。在战后，法国本可能很容易陷入绝境，或者说，法国本可能更加热情地听从让-保罗·萨特等马克思主义知识分子。戴高乐认为民族自豪感是国家自杀的唯一疗法。约翰逊也有着同样的保全国家生命的本能。他喜欢认为在自己是英格兰中产阶级的代表。他认为英国是“伟大的”，这就像戴高乐将军认为法国是“伟大的”一样顺理成章。左翼人士将英国的过去描绘为一个压迫和剥削的故事，约翰逊对此感到厌恶。在他看来，这不仅是事实上的错误，而且教育孩子们为自己国家的过去感到羞愧也是有害的。

The general looked forward as well as back: he knew that the best way to restore France’s grandeur was not just to talk about it but to revitalise the country.He ushered³ in the Fifth Republic, turning the state into an instrument of modernisation, creating a new technocratic⁴ elite⁵, rationalising government and investing in infrastructure⁶. France enjoyed “les trente glorieuses”, from 1945 to 1975, when GDP grew at an average of 6% a year.

戴高乐将军既展望未来，也会回顾历史：他知道恢复法国辉煌的最好办法，不能仅凭说说，而是要靠振兴法国。他建立了法兰西第五共和国，推进国家走向现代化，创建了新的技术官僚集团，使政府合理化，并投资基础设施。从1945年到1975年，是法国的“光辉三十年”，期间法国的国内生产总值平均每年增长6%。

Mr Johnson shares some of these instincts. He senses that the old political order is crumbling—hence his bold raid on northern voters. He senses that the Tories need to give a more active role to the state—hence his enthusiasm for big infrastructure projects such as HS2, a new railway, and even HS3 (a high-speed link between Leeds, Manchester and Liverpool). His description of himself as a “Brexity Hezza”—referring to Michael Heseltine, a leading Tory critic of Thatcherism, who believed that the state should take the lead in regenerating⁷ poor areas—is almost a way of saying “a Gaullist”. His two closest allies, Michael Gove, the cabinet-office minister, and Dominic Cummings, his chief adviser⁸, want to put reforming the state at the heart of politics.

约翰逊也有同样的天份。他感觉到旧的政治秩序正在瓦解，因此他大胆争取北方选民。他感觉到保守党需要对国家发挥更积极的作用，因此他对大型基础设施项目充满热情，比如HS2工程（一条新铁路），以及HS3工程（连接利兹、曼彻斯特和利物浦的高速铁路）。约翰逊将自己描述为“脱欧的赫扎派”——指的是保守党的一位对撒切尔主义的主要批评者迈克尔·赫赛尔廷，他认为国家应该带头复兴贫困地区——这几乎是一种“戴高乐主义者”的说法。约翰逊的两个最亲密的盟友，内阁府部长迈克尔·戈夫和首席顾问多米尼克·卡明斯希望把改革国家置于政治的核心。

1 grandeur   

n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华

参考例句：

• The grandeur of the Great Wall is unmatched.长城的壮观是独一无二的。
• These ruins sufficiently attest the former grandeur of the place.这些遗迹充分证明此处昔日的宏伟。

2 repulsed   

v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝

参考例句：

• I was repulsed by the horrible smell. 这种可怕的气味让我恶心。
• At the first brush,the enemy was repulsed. 敌人在第一次交火时就被击退了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 ushered   

v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The secretary ushered me into his office. 秘书把我领进他的办公室。
• A round of parties ushered in the New Year. 一系列的晚会迎来了新年。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 technocratic   

adj.由技术专家官员组成的；受技术官僚影响的

参考例句：

• But there is method in Europe's technocratic madness, the official went on. 但欧洲的专家政治论者的愤怒是有原因的，这个位官员接着说道。 来自互联网
• Mr Juppé was floored in part by his contemptuous, technocratic attitude towards union leaders. 朱佩对工会领导蛮横与不屑，是导致他一败涂地的部分原因。 来自互联网

5 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

6 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

7 regenerating   

v.新生，再生( regenerate的现在分词 )；正反馈

参考例句：

• It is not proposed to deal with the detailed histology of regenerating tissues here. 这里未提出详细的再生组织的组织学。 来自辞典例句
• This is accomplished by using a thermocompressor to recycle regenerating steam through the absorber. 它用热压机使再生蒸汽经吸附器循环完成解吸过程。 来自辞典例句

8 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。