2020年经济学人 《间谍集团》书评--希特勒元首的间谍在曼哈顿(2)

This is an entertaining tale that doubles as an important work of scholarship. From its first days in power, Mr Jeffreys-Jones shows, the Nazi¹ party strove to undermine American democracy. Along with recent work by other historians, his suggests that Nazi hostility² to America—with its bill of rights, balanced constitution and thriving Jewish community—equalled or even exceeded its hatred³ of the Soviet⁴ Union.

这是一个有趣的故事，同时也是一个重要的学术著作。杰弗里斯-琼斯表明，从执政第一天起，纳粹党就一直在努力破坏美国的民主。联系到其他历史学家最近的研究，他认为纳粹对美国的敌意，是针对美国权利法案、平衡宪法和繁荣的犹太社区，这份敌意等同，甚至超过了对苏联的恨意。

Blind to the threat, America had made itself an easy target. The army gave its data on the spread of venereal diseases to a Nazi agent, inadvertently revealing up-to-date statistics on American troops and bases. This was a mix of incompetence⁵ and institutional failure. In 1918 America had 1,441 military-intelligence officers. In 1935 it had 69. Mr Jeffreys-Jones touches only lightly on the strategic lessons, observing that the episode “carries a serious message about spies from a foreign country who try to subvert⁶ American democracy”.

美国对这份威胁视而不见，还把自己变成了一个容易攻击的目标。美国军队将自己军中性病传播的数据交给了纳粹特工，无意间泄露了美国军队和基地的最新统计数据。这件事展示了其无能以及制度失灵。1918年，美国有1441名军事情报官员。1935年有69名。杰弗里斯-琼斯只谈到了战略教训，他认为这一事件“传达了一个关于外国间谍试图颠覆美国民主的严肃信息”。

The agents who had not already fled to Germany were tried in late 1938, as Hitler’s troops were marching into Czechoslovakia.American legislators were clinging to the neutrality doctrine⁷, and the politically astute⁸ judge opted⁹ for leniency¹⁰: the four main conspirators¹¹ received a combined sentence of just 14 years.Dissatisfied, Turrou left the FBI to write newspaper articles about the Nazi threat. In 1939 Hollywood adapted his exhortations¹² into a film, “Confessions of a Nazi Spy”, in which Turrou had a cameo.This was America’s first anti- Nazi blockbuster, and public attitudes were changing.

1938年底，希特勒的军队向捷克斯洛伐克进军时，还没有逃到德国的特工受到了审判。美国立法者坚持中立原则，政治精明的法官选择了宽大处理：四名主要共谋者仅被判处14年的合并刑期。图鲁对此十分不满，他离开了联邦调查局，在报纸上编写关于纳粹威胁的文章。1939年，好莱坞将他的劝诫改编成电影《纳粹间谍的自白》，图鲁在其中客串。这是美国第一部反纳粹大片，公众的态度正在改变。

In 1941 the discovery of another spy ring in New York provoked outrage¹⁴. Its three leaders were awaiting sentencing when Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. A few weeks later, the spies received a combined sentence of 52 years.

1941年，在纽约发现了另一个间谍集团，这引起了人们的愤怒。日本袭击珍珠港时，该间谍集团的三名领导人正在等待宣判。几周后，这些间谍被判处52年的合并刑期。

1 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

2 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

3 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

4 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

5 incompetence   

n.不胜任，不称职

参考例句：

• He was dismissed for incompetence. 他因不称职而被解雇。
• She felt she had been made a scapegoat for her boss's incompetence. 她觉得，本是老板无能，但她却成了替罪羊。

6 subvert   

v.推翻；暗中破坏；搅乱

参考例句：

• The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.反叛军队企图颠覆政府统治。
• They tried to subvert our state and our Party. This is the crux of the matter.他们是要颠覆我们的国家，颠覆我们的党，这是问题的实质。

7 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

8 astute   

adj.机敏的，精明的

参考例句：

• A good leader must be an astute judge of ability.一个优秀的领导人必须善于识别人的能力。
• The criminal was very astute and well matched the detective in intelligence.这个罪犯非常狡猾，足以对付侦探的机智。

9 opted   

v.选择，挑选( opt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was co-opted onto the board. 她获增选为董事会成员。
• After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。

10 leniency   

n.宽大（不严厉）

参考例句：

• udges are advised to show greater leniency towards first-time offenders.建议法官对初犯者宽大处理。
• Police offer leniency to criminals in return for information.警方给罪犯宽大处理以换取情报。

11 conspirators   

n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The conspirators took no part in the fighting which ensued. 密谋者没有参加随后发生的战斗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The French conspirators were forced to escape very hurriedly. 法国同谋者被迫匆促逃亡。 来自辞典例句

12 exhortations   

n.敦促( exhortation的名词复数 )；极力推荐；（正式的）演讲；（宗教仪式中的）劝诫

参考例句：

• The monuments of men's ancestors were the most impressive exhortations. 先辈们的丰碑最能奋勉人心的。 来自辞典例句
• Men has free choice. Otherwise counsels, exhortations, commands, prohibitions, rewards and punishments would be in vain. 人具有自由意志。否则，劝告、赞扬、命令、禁规、奖赏和惩罚都将是徒劳的。 来自辞典例句

13 anti-   

pref.[前缀]表示反抗，排斥

参考例句：

• The car has many safety features,including anti - skid braking.这车配有许多特别安全装置，包括防滑制动器。
• The anti-aircraft units opened fire and hit two of the enemy planes.防空部队开炮，击中了两架敌机。

14 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。