2020年经济学人 一周要闻 英欧谈判"战火"升级 白俄反对派领袖遭威胁 希腊难民营被烧毁

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治

Boris Johnson, the British prime minister, proposed a unilateral change to parts of the Brexit withdrawal¹ agreement related to the Northern Ireland protocol², which averts³ a hard border with the European Union. There is no precedent⁴ for Britain breaching⁵ international law in this way. It may be British brinkmanship, as talks over a trade deal continue. But Ursula von der Leyen, head of the European Commission, said it might result in no deal at all.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊提议对脱欧协议中与《北爱尔兰议定书》有关的部分内容进行单方面修改，该协议避免了英国与欧盟之间形成“硬边界”。英国没有过以这种方式违反国际法的先例。这可能是英国的边缘政策，因为有关贸易协议的谈判仍在继续。但欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯·德莱恩(Ursula von der Leyen)表示，这样可能根本无法达成协议。

A fire destroyed the largest camp for migrants in Greece, Moria on the island of Lesbos, leaving 13,000 people without shelter. Some 400 unaccompanied minors⁶ are being taken to the mainland. It is not clear what will happen to the rest.

一场大火将位于希腊莱斯博斯岛上最大的莫里亚难民营烧毁，导致1.3万人无家可归。大约400名无人陪伴的未成年人被带到大陆。目前尚不清楚剩下的难民将如何安置。

Plain-clothes thugs abducted⁷ one of the leaders of Belarus’s protests, Maria Kolesnikova. They drove her to the border with Ukraine and tried to expel her, but she tore up her passport to frustrate⁸ them. In Minsk, the capital, ambassadors from three EU countries stationed themselves in the flat of another leading protester, a Nobel-prize winning writer, to prevent her arrest.

便衣暴徒绑架了白俄罗斯抗议活动的领导人之一玛丽亚·科尔斯尼科娃（Maria Kolesnikova）。他们开车把她带到乌克兰边境，试图驱逐她，但她撕毁了自己的护照，没让他们得逞。在首都明斯克，来自三个欧盟国家的大使驻守在另一名主要抗议者的公寓内，以防止她被捕。该抗议者是一位获得过诺贝尔奖的作家。

Alexei Navalny, Russia’s main opposition⁹ leader who was poisoned last month and medevaced to Germany, was brought out of an induced coma¹⁰, and was said to be responding to verbal stimuli¹¹.

俄罗斯主要反对派领导人阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼(Alexei Navalny)上月遭人下毒后被送往德国，纳瓦尔尼已经从昏迷状态中苏醒过来，据说还能对言语刺激做出反应。

Juan Guaidó, who is recognised by many countries as Venezuela’s interim¹² president, urged a boycott¹³ of legislative¹⁴ elections in December, which the dictatorial¹⁵ regime of Nicolás Maduro is likely to rig. Some prominent opposition members may participate anyway.

被许多国家承认为委内瑞拉临时总统的胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaido)呼吁抵制12月份的立法选举，这一选举很可能被尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)的独裁政权操纵。一些著名的反对派成员可能会参加。

Andrew Holness, Jamaica’s prime minister, was re-elected. His Jamaica Labour Party won 49 of the 63 seats in the lower house of Parliament. COVID-19 suppressed turnout, which fell to 37% from 48% in 2016.

牙买加总理安德鲁·霍尔尼斯再次当选。他领导的牙买加工党赢得了下议院63个席位中的49个。新冠疫情影响了投票率，从2016年的48%降至37%。

The corruption¹⁶ conviction of Rafael Correa, who was Ecuador’s president from 2007 to 2017, was confirmed by a court. The decision means that Mr Correa cannot carry out his plan to be the running-mate of Andrés Arauz, a left-wing candidate for the presidency¹⁷.

针对2007年至2017年担任厄瓜多尔总统的拉斐尔·科雷亚(Rafael Correa)的腐败指控得到了法院的判决。该判决意味着科雷亚无法按照原计划成为左翼总统候选人Andres Arauz的竞选搭档。

A court in Saudi Arabia commuted¹⁸ the death sentences of five men convicted of murdering Jamal Khashoggi, a dissident journalist, inside the Saudi consulate¹⁹ in Istanbul in 2018. Prosecutors²⁰ said Khashoggi’s family agreed to pardon the killers²¹, who were instead given 20-year jail terms. But his fiancée, who lives abroad, said the ruling made “a complete mockery of justice”.

沙特一家法院对五名男子的死刑判决减刑。这五名男子被控于2018年在沙特驻伊斯坦布尔领事馆内谋杀异见记者贾马尔·卡舒吉(Jamal Khashoggi)。检察官说，卡舒吉的家人同意赦免杀人凶手，但判处他们20年的监禁。但他住在国外的未婚妻表示，这项裁决“完全是对正义的嘲弄”。

1 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

2 protocol   

n.议定书，草约，会谈记录，外交礼节

参考例句：

• We must observe the correct protocol.我们必须遵守应有的礼仪。
• The statesmen signed a protocol.那些政治家签了议定书。

3 averts   

防止，避免( avert的第三人称单数 )； 转移

参考例句：

• Cautious speech averts eavesdropping. Cautious behavior arrests gossip. 若欲杜人之口，莫若自己谨言；若欲塞人之耳，莫若自己慎行。
• A gift in secret averts anger; and a concealed bribe in the bosom, strong wrath. 暗中送的礼物，挽回怒气；怀中搋的贿赂，止息暴怒。

4 precedent   

n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的

参考例句：

• Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗？
• This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。

5 breaching   

攻破( breach的过去式 )； 破坏，违反

参考例句：

• The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。
• Third, an agency can abuse its discretion by breaching certain principles of judge-made law. 第三，行政机关会因违反某些法官制定的法律原则而构成滥用自由裁量权。

6 minors   

n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 )；副修科目；小公司；[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 abducted   

劫持，诱拐( abduct的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（肢体等）外展

参考例句：

• Detectives have not ruled out the possibility that she was abducted. 侦探尚未排除她被绑架的可能性。
• The kid was abducted at the gate of kindergarten. 那小孩在幼儿园大门口被绑架走了。

8 frustrate   

v.使失望；使沮丧；使厌烦

参考例句：

• But this didn't frustrate Einstein.He was content to go as far as he could.但这并没有使爱因斯坦灰心，他对能够更深入地研究而感到满意。
• They made their preparations to frustrate the conspiracy.他们作好准备挫败这个阴谋。

9 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

10 coma   

n.昏迷，昏迷状态

参考例句：

• The patient rallied from the coma.病人从昏迷中苏醒过来。
• She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。

11 stimuli   

n.刺激（物）

参考例句：

• It is necessary to curtail or alter normally coexisting stimuli.必需消除或改变正常时并存的刺激。
• My sweat glands also respond to emotional stimuli.我的汗腺对情绪刺激也能产生反应。

12 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

13 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

14 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

15 dictatorial   

adj. 独裁的，专断的

参考例句：

• Her father is very dictatorial.她父亲很专横。
• For years the nation had been under the heel of a dictatorial regime.多年来这个国家一直在独裁政权的铁蹄下。

16 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

17 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

18 commuted   

通勤( commute的过去式和过去分词 )； 减（刑）； 代偿

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment. 他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• The death sentence may be commuted to life imprisonment. 死刑可能減为无期徒刑。

19 consulate   

n.领事馆

参考例句：

• The Spanish consulate is the large white building opposite the bank.西班牙领事馆是银行对面的那栋高大的白色建筑物。
• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。

20 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

21 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。