2020年经济学人 德国企业--傲慢与偏见(2)

“Germans are averse¹ to self-employment,” says Armando Garcia-Schmidt of the Bertelsmann Foundation. Many graduates prefer a safe civil-service career to the vicissitudes² of starting a business. The booming labour market of the past decade helped skilled and unskilled youngsters land a decent job without trying.

贝塔斯曼基金会的阿曼多·加西亚-施密特表示：“德国人不喜欢自主创业。”许多德国毕业生宁愿有一个安稳的公务员职业，也不愿经历创业的沧桑。过去十年蓬勃发展的劳动力市场帮助那些有技能和无技能的年轻人不费吹灰之力就找到了体面的工作。

Options for migrants tend to be more limited. Some come from countries with strong entrepreneurial traditions and tend to pick successful entrepreneurs as role models. Various studies show that explicit⁴ or implicit⁵ discrimination makes the labour market, even in good times, much tougher for migrants. And many have qualifications from their country of origin that are not recognised in Germany, so creating a business is their only chance to earn more than the wage from a menial job.

移民的就业选择往往更加有限。有些移民来自具有很强创业传统的国家，他们往往会选择成功的企业家作为榜样。各种研究表明，即使在经济繁荣时期，劳动力市场存在的显性或隐性歧视使得移民求职更加艰难。许多移民在自己本国家获得的学历在德国不受认可，因此，创业是他们唯一能够拥有比干粗活更多收入的机会。

Mr Garcia-Schmidt expects the labour market to become more difficult for everyone once the pandemic has abated⁶ and Germany’s generous furlough schemes expire. Covid-19 has made 2020 a terrible year for founders⁷ of all stripes. As the country emerges from the coronavirus recession, more native Germans may opt³ for self-employment as an alternative to joblessness. They can learn a thing or two from their migrant neighbours.

加西亚-施密特先生预计，一旦新冠疫情消退，德国慷慨的休假计划到期，届时对每个人而言，劳动力市场都会雪上加霜。对于各行各业的公司创始人来说，新冠肺炎使2020年成为可怕的一年。随着德国从减弱的冠状病毒中复苏，更多的德国本土人可能会选择自主创业以代替失业。这些德国本地人可以从他们的移民邻居那里学到一些东西。

1 averse   

adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的

参考例句：

• I don't smoke cigarettes,but I'm not averse to the occasional cigar.我不吸烟，但我不反对偶尔抽一支雪茄。
• We are averse to such noisy surroundings.我们不喜欢这么吵闹的环境。

2 vicissitudes   

n.变迁，世事变化；变迁兴衰( vicissitude的名词复数 )；盛衰兴废

参考例句：

• He experienced several great social vicissitudes in his life. 他一生中经历了几次大的社会变迁。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A man used to vicissitudes is not easily dejected. 饱经沧桑，不易沮丧。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 opt   

vi.选择，决定做某事

参考例句：

• They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
• Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗？

4 explicit   

adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的

参考例句：

• She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
• He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

5 implicit   

a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的

参考例句：

• A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
• Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。

6 abated   

减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼）

参考例句：

• The worker's concern about cuts in the welfare funding has not abated. 工人们对削减福利基金的关心并没有减少。
• The heat has abated. 温度降低了。

7 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句