美国国家公共电台 NPR 不满总统任命校长 土耳其大学爆发抗议

Turkey is seeing some of its biggest student protests in years. The unrest started when the Turkish government imposed its choice for who should run one of the country's premier¹ universities, breaking a long tradition of independence. Scores of people have now been arrested, and the protests continue, with authorities worried the unrest could spread. NPR's Peter Kenyon reports both students and faculty² oppose the move.

土耳其正在经历数年来规模最大的学生抗议活动。骚乱始于土耳其政府强行决定该国其中一所一流大学的管理者，这打破了长期的独立传统。目前已有数十人被捕，而抗议活动仍在继续，有关部门担心骚乱可能进一步蔓延。据NPR新闻的彼得·肯扬报道，学生和教师都反对这一举措。

PETER KENYON, BYLINE³: The university is named Bogazici, which is Turkish for the Bosporus Strait. It's been one of the city's elite⁴ universities since its founding as an American school in the 1860s. For the past 50 years, it's been a Turkish state university. The school's leaders have always been chosen by internal election, until now. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's government announced in January that it was installing Melih Bulu, a local official from Erdogan's ruling AK Party, to head the university.

彼得·肯扬连线：这所大学名为海峡大学，因坐落于土耳其博斯普鲁斯海峡而得名。这所大学成立于19世纪60年代，当时是所美国学校，该大学自成立起一直是所在城市的精英大学之一。50年前，这所大学改为土耳其国立大学。在此之前，学校领导一直通过内部选举产生。总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安领导的政府今年1月宣布，将任命埃尔多安执政党正义与发展党（简称AK）地方官员梅利赫·布鲁担任该校校长。

(SOUNDBITE OF PROTEST)

（抗议现场录音）

UNIDENTIFIED PROTESTERS: (Chanting in non-English language).

身份不明的抗议者：（用非英语语言高喊）。

KENYON: Protests broke out on campus, and they were met with a massive police presence. Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu, in a television interview, likened the demonstrators to a mob bent⁵ on destruction.

肯扬：校园里爆发了抗议活动，抗议者与大批警察发生冲突。内政部长苏莱曼·索伊卢在接受电视采访时将示威者比作一伙一心想搞破坏的暴徒。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

SULEYMAN SOYLU: (Speaking non-English language)

苏莱曼·索伊卢：（用非英语语言讲话）

KENYON: He said they brought gridlock to the university, calling the demonstrators, quote, "a rampaging minority trying to turn this place into an ideological⁶ center." But neither official outrage⁷ nor police intervention⁸ seems to have dampened the protesters' enthusiasm. One of them is Can Candan, a lecturer at Bogazici. He says it's no surprise that there's been widespread outrage at the government's move to abruptly⁹ end a 150-year-old tradition of the university selecting its own leaders.

肯扬：他表示，抗议者导致大学陷入堵塞状态，并称示威者是“试图将这个地方变成意识形态中心的狂暴的少数群体。”但无论是官方的愤怒还是警方的干预似乎都没能挫伤抗议者的热情。海峡大学的讲师肯·坎丹是其中一名抗议者。他表示，人们对政府突然结束150年来大学自主选拔领导人的传统感到愤怒并不奇怪。

CAN CANDAN: And this appointment of a new rector, somebody we know nothing about, after a process in which nobody asked our opinion or input¹⁰ or our vote, is unacceptable to us.

肯·坎丹：没有人询问我们的意见、想法，也没有进行投票，就这样任命了一名我们一无所知的新校长，这对我们来说是不可接受的。

KENYON: Amid the tensions, the interior minister tweeted a photo of an LGBT poster displayed at one of the protests, saying Turkey shouldn't have to tolerate the demands of, quote, "LGBT deviants." His tweet was tagged by Twitter for violating its rules on hateful conduct.

肯扬：在紧张局势中，内政部长在推特上发布了一张在其中一次抗议活动中展示的LGBT海报的照片，称土耳其不应该容忍“LGBT失常者”的要求。他的推文被推特标记为违反仇恨行为规定。

I reached Bogazici student Ihsan Ozdemir at an Istanbul bus stop waiting for a ride to campus. He said students were astonished at Soylu's comment.

我在伊斯坦布尔一个公共汽车站采访了海峡大学的学生伊桑·奥兹德米尔，他正在等车去学校。他说学生们对索伊卢的评论感到惊讶。

IHSAN OZDEMIR: It was a horrible statement, I think. We couldn't believe that. I mean, the interior minister is supposed to hold the peace in the country, but he was targeting a group of people who are already disadvantaged in this country.

伊赫·奥兹德米尔：我认为这是一个可怕的声明。我们简直不敢相信。内政部长应该维持国家的和平，但他针对的是一群在这个国家已经处于不利地位的人。

KENYON: Despite the large number of detentions¹¹, Ozdemir says they're not wavering in their demands.

肯扬：奥兹德米尔说，尽管有许多抗议者被拘留，但他们的要求不会动摇。

OZDEMIR: We want all appointed rectors to leave their positions and all universities make a — have an election and choose their rectors. And we want our friends to be freed. I mean, we want everyone to be freed. We did not do anything unlawful.

奥兹德米尔：我们希望所有被任命的校长离职，所有大学都进行选举，自行选出校长。我们想让我们的朋友得到自由。我们希望每个人都能自由。我们没有做任何违法的事。

KENYON: Candan, the faculty member, says ever since the 2013 Gezi protests over building on a city park which mushroomed into a broad anti-government protest, there's been an ongoing¹² assault on Turkish institutions with a history of upholding secular¹³, liberal values. He says there aren't many left.

肯扬：教师坎丹表示，自2013年反对在城市公园建楼的盖齐抗议活动爆发，并迅速发展成广泛的反政府抗议以来，维护世俗自由价值观的土耳其机构就一直遭受攻击。他说，现在这类机构已经所剩不多。

CANDAN: Obviously, the judiciary has been under attack for a long time. And institutions of higher education also have been under attack for a long time since — especially since 2016, with the failed coup¹⁴ attempt followed by the state of emergency.

坎丹：很明显，司法机构长期以来一直遭受攻击。而高等教育机构也在此后很长一段时间受到攻击——特别是2016年以来，当时政变未遂之后国家进入紧急状态。

KENYON: Several thousand academics were among those sacked after the coup attempt. So far, the government has taken a hard line, dismissing criticism from the U.S. and European Union. Today, Turkish police arrested scores more people in connection with the protests. Peter Kenyon, NPR News, Istanbul.

肯扬：政变未遂后被解雇的人中有数千名学者。到目前为止，土耳其政府采取强硬态度，驳斥了来自美国和欧盟的批评。今天，土耳其警方逮捕了更多与抗议活动有关的人。NPR新闻，彼得·肯扬伊斯坦布尔报道。

1 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

2 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

5 bent   

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

• He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
• We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

6 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

7 outrage   

n.暴行，侮辱，愤怒；vt.凌辱，激怒

参考例句：

• When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage.他得悉此事时义愤填膺。
• We should never forget the outrage committed by the Japanese invaders.我们永远都不应该忘记日本侵略者犯下的暴行。

8 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

9 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

10 input   

n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机

参考例句：

• I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
• All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。

11 detentions   

拘留( detention的名词复数 )； 扣押； 监禁； 放学后留校

参考例句：

• Teachers may assign detention tasks as they wish and some detentions have been actually dangerous. 老师可能随心所欲指派关禁闭的形式，有些禁闭事实上很危险。
• Intimidation, beatings and administrative detentions are often enough to prevent them from trying again. 恐吓，拷打和行政拘留足以阻止请愿者二次进京的脚步。

12 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

13 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

14 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。