美国国家公共电台 NPR--Running water is restored to Jackson but when will the boil order be lifted?

Running water is restored to Jackson but when will the boil order be lifted?

Transcript¹

The water in Jackson, Miss., is still not safe to drink. NPR's A Martinez talks to Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba about the the city's water infrastructure² which is deficient³.

AMART?NEZ, HOST:

Running water has been restored to residents of Jackson, Miss., but the city's water infrastructure is still deficient. The state's capital was without basic water service for a week after a storm knocked out service at one of the city's two water treatment plants. Before the storm, though, there was already an issue. Families were advised to boil water before drinking it or using it to cook. Residents and activists⁵ say the problems go back years. For more on this issue, we're joined now by the mayor of Jackson, Miss., Chokwe Antar Lumumba.

Mayor, what's the current state of water service in the city?

CHOKWE ANTAR LUMUMBA: Well, presently, as you stated, the pressure has been restored, but the boil-water notice has not been lifted. At the current moment, there is an investigatory sampling process underway to ensure when the actual official sampling can begin. There are approximately 120 sites across the city that the health department has sanctioned as testing sites. It requires two consecutive⁶ days of clear samples before the boil-water notice can be lifted. But what I caution people in terms of is - you know, we've been here before - in terms of Jackson's infrastructure - where we've been able to restore pressure. We've been able to lift boil-water notices, but without critical and, you know, very important capital improvements to be made of our water treatment facility, it's not a matter of if it will fail again, but a matter of when it will fail again.

MART?NEZ: And we're going to get to that in just a second. I want to do a play for you something, though. My NPR colleagues Jennifer Ludden and Walter Ray Watson traveled to Jackson recently, and they spoke⁷ to a woman named Halima Olufemi, who grew up in Jackson. And she said as far back as she can remember, there's been water issues. Let's play a part of what she told us.

HALIMA OLUFEMI: My big momma and my JoJo - these are my great-grandmothers and grandmothers - would always have to boil water, so much so that we would buy extra jugs⁹, and they would always pour the water in. At a certain point, the little plastic would start coming out of one jug⁸, so we had to go ahead and fill it. And it was a way of life.

MART?NEZ: Mayor, a way of life - how far back do these issues go in Jackson?

LUMUMBA: Well, I can just recall from my introduction to the city. I moved to Jackson in 1988 as a little boy. I remember in '89 how a storm - a winter storm - debilitated¹⁰ our system then. And I can remember being without water for more than a month. And I can remember that there are more times than I can honestly recount over the course of my years in Jackson. And so it's something that has not been invested in. It's something that has been neglected by administration after administration. And that is why we have been lifting it up the entire time that I've been in office.

You know, we've been going it the better part of, you know, three years, two to three years. And so when the state came to me and said that they were going to, you know, join us, I welcomed them with open arms. And so people, you know, certainly have their sentiments about the lack of support over the years. But I share with them, my priority at this moment while I have them at the table, is ensuring that residents have the return of service and the quality of water that they can drink. I think we can discuss or litigate our positions after that. But right now when people don't have water, they're wanting to know that everyone is working hand in hand to make sure that it is restored and that it is of a quality that they can use.

MART?NEZ: And I know the governor of Mississippi, Tate Reeves, has said that privatization is on the table. You've said that you'd consider a maintenance agreement with a private company but are opposed to totally privatizing the city's water system. Why?

LUMUMBA: Well, I think that the literature is extensive. The history is extensive in terms of what happens when a private company pillages¹¹ public resources or public utilities. Often it affects the rates. And affordability¹² is already a challenge in the city of Jackson. And so private companies are not coming to be benevolent¹³. They're coming to make a profit. And so when there are extensive and critical repairs that need to be made, then they're making that investment on the front end, looking to have a serious return on the back end. And the way that they do that is to raise the rates on the residents. And so that is of primary concern to me. Furthermore, as - you know, the state has mentioned that privatization is on the table, the same company that the city was negotiating with in terms of an operations and maintenance agreement is the same company that the state has negotiated with. And so if it's good enough for the state, then there should be no reason why it's not good enough for the city to reach an agreement which has a set contractual price that the city pays while being able to maintain and secure reasonable rates our residents.

MART?NEZ: But as we heard from the resident of Jackson, Halima Olufemi, she says it's been a way of life for her. So if it's been one way for so long, why not be more open to a radical¹⁴ change?

LUMUMBA: Well, the radical change is actually having support of our system, right? The radical change is actually having the resources to make the repairs that haven't been made over generations. I know Ms. Olufemi very well. And I know where she sits and her concerns. And so she's of the mind that I am, that privatization is taking people from one state of misery¹⁵ to the next. We have to depart from this notion that privatization is the only way that the system can be supported. That is not true, right? And it's furthest from the truth. What is true is that if there is a proper investment made in the system from the state or federal resources, then it can survive. Or if we band together to build a new system, then there is a path forward. But what we don't want to do is cause additional harm on the residents, harm where this has become a way of life and the basic necessity that they need is one that they can't afford. And so it moves them, as I said, from one state of misery to the next. And so instead of moving people away, we want to lift people up.

MART?NEZ: President Biden's infrastructure bill aims to put some money towards cities, just like Jackson, that have critical infrastructure needs. Will you look to the federal government for help there?

LUMUMBA: I had an extensive discussion with the president. We talked for about 20 minutes. And then I spoke with the vice⁴ president. They assured me that this is one of their highest priorities and that they do want to support the city of Jackson. When he initially¹⁶ signed the infrastructure bill, he made mention of Jackson. I have long said that Jackson is the poster child for infrastructure, noting our water infrastructure challenges. And so that is certainly our hope. But that requires state cooperation to some extent. And so I just want to make certain that the - you know, put partisan¹⁷ differences aside and are able to aim and work towards the goal of a safe, equitable¹⁸, dependable water treatment system.

MART?NEZ: Did President Biden - and quickly on this, Mayor - did he give you a timeline? He said it was a priority, but did he give you a timeline?

LUMUMBA: No timeline, but he told me the agencies that he would have working on it - FEMA in the short term and the EPA for the long-term goals.

MART?NEZ: That's Chokwe Antar Lumumba, mayor of Jackson, Miss.

Mayor, thanks.

LUMUMBA: Thank you.

(SOUNDBITE OF GOGO PENGUIN'S "REACTOR")

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

3 deficient   

adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的

参考例句：

• The crops are suffering from deficient rain.庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
• I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision.我向来缺乏自信和果断。

4 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

7 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

8 jug   

n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂

参考例句：

• He walked along with a jug poised on his head.他头上顶着一个水罐，保持着平衡往前走。
• She filled the jug with fresh water.她将水壶注满了清水。

9 jugs   

（有柄及小口的）水壶( jug的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Two china jugs held steaming gravy. 两个瓷罐子装着热气腾腾的肉卤。
• Jugs-Big wall lingo for Jumars or any other type of ascenders. 大岩壁术语，祝玛式上升器或其它种类的上升器。

10 debilitated   

adj.疲惫不堪的，操劳过度的v.使（人或人的身体）非常虚弱( debilitate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Prolonged strike action debilitated the industry. 长时间的罢工削弱了这个行业的活力。
• This is especially important when dealing with the geriatric or debilitated patient. 这对老年和虚弱病人尤其重要。 来自互联网

11 pillages   

n.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的名词复数 )；掠夺者v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

12 affordability   

可购性

参考例句：

• Performance-Based Logistics Affordability: Can We Afford Categorical Conversion to Performance-Based Acquisition? 基于性能的后期的可承受性：能否担负得起向基于性能的采办的无条件的转变？
• There would be no crisis of affordability, as't for food or clothing. 就想食物与服装一样，因为供给没有危机。

13 benevolent   

adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的

参考例句：

• His benevolent nature prevented him from refusing any beggar who accosted him.他乐善好施的本性使他不会拒绝走上前向他行乞的任何一个乞丐。
• He was a benevolent old man and he wouldn't hurt a fly.他是一个仁慈的老人，连只苍蝇都不愿伤害。

14 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

15 misery   

n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦

参考例句：

• Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

16 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

17 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

18 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。