美国国家公共电台 NPR--What Ukrainians are expecting, one year after Russia invaded

What Ukrainians are expecting, one year after Russia invaded

Transcript¹

One year to the day after Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the country is transformed. What's ahead as the war enters its second year and how are Ukrainians thinking about the future?

LEILA FADEL, HOST:

One year ago today, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

(SOUNDBITE OF MONTAGE)

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

That's what it sounded like in Kyiv this morning as Ukrainians face down the reality of a Russian invasion.

ANDRIY KULYKOV: Over the past few hours, I've seen explosions in the sky. I've felt the shaking of the windows.

JAMES WATERHOUSE: We now hear the approaching sound of fighting. We can hear the occasional bit of faint gunfire.

FADEL: The war was and is Russian President Vladimir Putin's challenge to the world order, the greatest since World War II. Today, the war enters a second year. Tens of thousands of Ukrainians are believed to be dead. With no access to Russian-occupied territory, it's impossible to know for sure. Millions of people are displaced. Among them is a teenager I met nearly a year ago in a hospital in Kyiv. Russian troops were on the outskirts³ of the city.

What's your name?

VOVA KARIVANSKY: Vova.

FADEL: Vova?

Vova might be a little hard to understand because his jaw⁴ is wired shut. But he still manages a half-smile when we meet him. Vova is short for Voloydymyr, Voloydymyr Karivansky. I ask him about the scar running down the side of his face.

What happened here?

V KARIVANSKY: (Non-English language spoken).

FADEL: A bullet grazed his hand. Two pierced his back, another his foot. The were fleeing their home in a suburb of Kyiv when Vova's mother, Natalia, said Russians shelled the car. She screamed, there are children in here. It was too late. Her husband was killed, so was her 6-year-old nephew, Maxim⁵ (ph). Vova survived. When we met him with our interpreter, Tanya Estova (ph), he'd already undergone weeks of surgeries. He couldn't walk, and he was bored in his hospital bed.

V KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) I just don't care about this war.

FADEL: Vova's mom jumps in here.

NATALIA KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) He's just not completely realized what is happening.

FADEL: Yeah.

We leave his room. And an hour later, we see him in the lobby. A staff member is pushing him in a wheelchair. After nearly a month in a hospital bed, he's out in the world.

Almost a year later, we wanted to know where they ended up. And Tanya helped us find them.

(SOUNDBITE OF DEVICE RINGING)

N KARIVANSKY: Hello.

FADEL: Natalia, how are you? Where are you?

N KARIVANSKY: (Non-English language spoken).

FADEL: In Poland.

And how have you been? I mean, we haven't spoken to you in almost a year. And I remember watching you and your son leave the hospital in Kyiv. I'd love to hear what's happening with your life, how Vova is doing.

N KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) Yes, he's able to walk now. He underwent surgery in June. And in the beginning of July, he just started walking.

FADEL: Is Vova with you, by any chance?

N KARIVANSKY: (Non-English language spoken).

FADEL: Hi, Vova. How are you?

V KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) Pretty fine.

FADEL: Do you like Poland?

V KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) Not really. It's cold here. The language is difficult. School is different. Everything is different.

FADEL: Vova, you sound so clear. I can tell that your jaw must be better now. Are you feeling better? I heard you're walking again. How are you feeling?

V KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) Yes, I'm fine now. I underwent rehabilitation⁶. Then I slowly started walking again. And I even can run.

FADEL: You can run?

V KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) Yes. I have a dog. So when I walk with her, just I can run and run with her behind.

FADEL: It sounds like you miss home, though, you miss your house in Ukraine. Do you think you'll go home soon?

V KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) Yes, I will. I believe this war will be over, our guys kill Putin and we will go home and live happy, calm life.

FADEL: Well, it's so nice to talk to you, Vova. Do you mind passing the phone back to your mom for a minute?

V KARIVANSKY: (Non-English language spoken).

N KARIVANSKY: (Non-English language spoken).

FADEL: It's so nice to hear your son speaking so clearly, saying he can run with his dog again. You know, you've been through so much, Natalia, in a year. Do you feel like this war will ever end?

N KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) I hope so. I really want to go home to visit my husband at the cemetery⁷, his grave, because I haven't do this yet.

FADEL: Natalia, thank you so much, Natalia and Vova. I hope the next time that we speak that you're in Ukraine.

N KARIVANSKY: (Through interpreter) We are grateful so that you called us and didn't forget about us.

(Non-English language spoken).

FADEL: Ukrainians do worry that they will be forgotten by the world. And in Russia, paying too much attention to the war could be dangerous. Julia Ioffe is a Russian-born American journalist.

JULIA IOFFE: There are a lot of people who support the war. There are a lot of people who don't want to think about the war. And there are people who are sent off to fight or their relatives are sent off to fight. But they feel they have absolutely no choice in the matter because, otherwise, violence will be meted⁸ out against them.

FADEL: We did see, in the first few months of this war, dissent⁹, but also really effective crackdowns on that dissent. What does the anti-war movement look like today?

IOFFE: There is none. The anti-war movement is outside of Russia or it is in jail. Or it is too scared to rear its head. There was a couple who was at a restaurant. And between themselves, they were talking about supporting Ukraine and being against the war. And fellow diners called the police on them. And the police arrived, slammed them into the ground, handcuffed them and took the woman away. College students are ratting out their fellow students for being against the war. Teachers are reporting on their students to the police. And students are telling on their teachers.

There is an atmosphere of fear and paranoia¹⁰ inside Russia that is akin² to, maybe, the late 1930s, where people are actively¹¹ reporting on each other for anti-war sentiment. I mean, that's what a totalitarian or dictatorial¹² regime does. It makes you terrified to speak up. And Putin has done a very effective job of terrifying Russians against speaking up. And those who have spoken up are either in jail or have fled the country en masse. So everybody who's left is either in agreement or too scared to speak up.

FADEL: So where does this war go now? I asked General Mark Milley, the chairman of the Joint¹³ Chiefs of Staff.

Now, Putin has shown no signs that he's interested in ending it. And in fact, it seems like he's more determined¹⁴ than ever. Despite U.S. sanctions, Russia's economy is rebounding¹⁵. Despite the way that Ukraine has repelled¹⁶ Russian forces, they haven't given up. They've annexed¹⁷ more land, the Russians. So what lever have you not pulled yet that you could pull to get Putin to give up, to change tack¹⁸?

MARK MILLEY: First of all, there have been indicators¹⁹, public indicators, from Russia that they would be willing to go to the negotiating table. And then they said, under the conditions that the areas that they have occupied become Russian territory. So that's an unacceptable condition for the Ukrainian people.

And you're correct. Putin has not indicated any sense of a willingness to give up his objectives, except to say that his initial objective was to overrun the country of Ukraine and to topple the Zelenskyy government, seize the capital of Kyiv, all of which he failed to do. So he has actually adjusted his ambitions down to remain in control of those currently Russian-occupied areas, so we'll see. And I think that the battlefield, as difficult as it is and as bloody²⁰ as it is and as high casualty producing as it is, I think, is something that's going to play a very major factor in both President Zelenskyy and President Putin's calculations as to whether or not to go to the negotiating table and when and under what conditions.

FADEL: On February 24, 2022, did you expect that in a year, you would be talking about a war of attrition between Russia and Ukraine?

MILLEY: As I look back, one of the comments I made to a very senior Russian prior to the invasion, trying to persuade - and I failed to persuade him - not to invade, but I told him that the Ukrainian people are going to fight you. And they're going to fight you hard. The Ukrainian people have been free since 1991. And they do not want to be occupied by a foreign power. And what I had said at the time was, you're going to - you might get into that country in 14 days, but you're not coming out. You're going to have body bags going back for 14 years. It's going to be a bloody, bloody affair. And that's what it turned out to be.

Now, I don't think this war is going to last 14 years, per se. But Ukraine is not going to quit, nor should they. There's a lot at stake here. For Ukraine, it's an existential fight. And it's imperative²¹ that Ukraine remain free and independent. So that's in the interest of - obviously, in the interest of Ukraine. But it's in the interest of Europe. It's in the interest, really, of the world.

FADEL: As you heard, this war is an existential threat to the world order. But it's a daily reality for Ukrainians. While they live through the now, many are also planning for the after. Oleksandra Matviichuk is a human rights lawyer who lives in Kyiv. She's the head of the Center for Civil Liberties, which won a Nobel Prize for documenting war crimes in Ukraine.

OLEKSANDRA MATVIICHUK: In post-war Ukraine, when we win, we have to restore not only broken infrastructure²² - roads, residential²³ buildings and destroyed Ukrainian cities - we need to restore the human belief that rule of law is essential.

FADEL: Ukraine must, she says, win the war of values.

MATVIICHUK: In order to do it, we need to demonstrate justice, because then we will be able, very honestly, to say that, yes, it was a period of temporary disorder²⁴ when nothing work. And even the whole U.N. system couldn't stop Russian atrocities²⁵. But we fix it. We punish war criminals because rule of law is essential. And justice is possible, even though delayed in time.

FADEL: Now, Oleksandra Matviichuk's work is also about protecting the values of her country. She says the longer the war drags on, the greater the risk of becoming a mirror of the opposite side.

(SOUNDBITE OF HANIA RANI'S "DREAMY")

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 akin   

adj.同族的，类似的

参考例句：

• She painted flowers and birds pictures akin to those of earlier feminine painters.她画一些同早期女画家类似的花鸟画。
• Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一本精彩的冒险小说。

3 outskirts   

n.郊外，郊区

参考例句：

• Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city.我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
• They mostly live on the outskirts of a town.他们大多住在近郊。

4 jaw   

n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训

参考例句：

• He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
• A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。

5 maxim   

n.格言，箴言

参考例句：

• Please lay the maxim to your heart.请把此格言记在心里。
• "Waste not,want not" is her favourite maxim.“不浪费则不匮乏”是她喜爱的格言。

6 rehabilitation   

n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位

参考例句：

• He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
• No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。

7 cemetery   

n.坟墓，墓地，坟场

参考例句：

• He was buried in the cemetery.他被葬在公墓。
• His remains were interred in the cemetery.他的遗体葬在墓地。

8 meted   

v.（对某人）施以，给予（处罚等）( mete的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The severe punishment was meted out to the unruly hooligan. 对那个嚣张的流氓已给予严厉惩处。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The money was meted out only after it had been carefully counted. 钱只有仔细点过之后才分发。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

10 paranoia   

n.妄想狂，偏执狂；多疑症

参考例句：

• Her passion for cleanliness borders on paranoia.她的洁癖近乎偏执。
• The push for reform is also motivated by political paranoia.竞选的改革运动也受到政治偏执狂症的推动。

11 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

12 dictatorial   

adj. 独裁的，专断的

参考例句：

• Her father is very dictatorial.她父亲很专横。
• For years the nation had been under the heel of a dictatorial regime.多年来这个国家一直在独裁政权的铁蹄下。

13 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

14 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

15 rebounding   

蹦跳运动

参考例句：

• The strength of negative temperature concrete is tested with supersonic-rebounding method. 本文将超声回弹综合法用于负温混凝土强度检测。
• The fundamental of basketball includes shooting, passing and catching, rebounding, etc. 篮球运动中最基本的东西包括投篮，传接球，篮板球等。

16 repelled   

v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开

参考例句：

• They repelled the enemy. 他们击退了敌军。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The minister tremulously, but decidedly, repelled the old man's arm. 而丁梅斯代尔牧师却哆里哆嗦地断然推开了那老人的胳臂。 来自英汉文学 - 红字

17 annexed   

[法] 附加的，附属的

参考例句：

• Germany annexed Austria in 1938. 1938年德国吞并了奥地利。
• The outlying villages were formally annexed by the town last year. 那些偏远的村庄于去年正式被并入该镇。

18 tack   

n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝

参考例句：

• He is hammering a tack into the wall to hang a picture.他正往墙上钉一枚平头钉用来挂画。
• We are going to tack the map on the wall.我们打算把这张地图钉在墙上。

19 indicators   

（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号

参考例句：

• The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
• It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

20 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

21 imperative   

n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的

参考例句：

• He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
• The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。

22 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

23 residential   

adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的

参考例句：

• The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
• The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。

24 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

25 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》