美国国家公共电台 NPR--Even with another cease-fire in Sudan, prospects for peace aren't bright

Even with another cease-fire in Sudan, prospects² for peace aren't bright

Transcript³

LEILA FADEL, HOST:

After almost three weeks of fighting, Sudan's two warring factions⁴ agreed to a week-long cease-fire. But this morning, there are still reports of heavy fighting in and near the capital, Khartoum. The warring generals are Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who leads Sudan's armed forces, and Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemetti, who commands the paramilitary rapid support forces. As part of that cease-fire deal, they agreed to name new representatives for negotiations⁵. But each side still appears to be battling for control of neighborhoods around the presidential palace and army headquarters. Their fight has so far killed hundreds of civilians⁷ and forced tens of thousands to flee in the midst of a humanitarian⁸ crisis.

Cameron Hudson is with the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He's also a former chief of staff to successive U.S. special envoys⁹ for Sudan and joins us now. Good morning.

CAMERON HUDSON: Good morning.

FADEL: So as we speak, people are dying. People are fleeing if they can. People are running out of water and food. Is there any prospect¹ for peace? Do you have faith in these negotiations?

HUDSON: Well, I think it's too early to put much faith in the negotiations. What we have seen from both of these generals over time is willingness to agree to cease-fires...

FADEL: Right.

HUDSON: ...A willingness now to agree to peace talks, but really nothing on the ground to suggest that they're in any way serious about those cease-fires or those talks. I think both sides see this threat as existential. They don't see a political future for themselves in the country as long as the other continues to exist. And so with that kind of bipolarity in thinking, it's hard to find a middle ground where you might find some negotiated settlement at this point.

FADEL: But if the fighting doesn't stop - and as you point out, cease-fires keep getting called. The fighting keeps - continues. And people are being killed. And the capital is being destroyed and other parts of the country. I mean, what is a path to possible peace, especially if these two men are fighting for supremacy¹⁰ over Sudan?

HUDSON: Well, I think one thing that the international community is going to have to do if it wants to be serious about Sudan's future is to draw its own red lines. And I know that's a loaded term now. But we have to declare that neither of these two people can have a political future in the country. There has to be an exit plan for both of these people. We have tried multiple times to establish civilian⁶ rule in Sudan after the fall of longtime dictator Omar al-Bashir.

But by giving either of these gentlemen and the institutions that they represent a foothold in the power structure of the country, they have been able to claw back all of the power that was lost when that former regime was deposed¹¹. And so I just don't think that we can - any opportunity for them to reclaim¹² that hold on power by undermining civilian rule. So whenever these talks begin, whatever format¹³ they take, we're going to have to have a very disciplined and unified¹⁴ international approach to not allow these forces to come back into power, even though we need them in the short term to lay down their weapons and agree to these talks.

FADEL: But how are both possible?

HUDSON: Well, that's the art of diplomacy¹⁵, right? I think we're going to have to see the United States and other actors using more of the tools that have been in the toolkit but have been underutilized so far. By that I mean sanctions on these two generals and the institutions that they represent. They're fabulously¹⁶ wealthy from a whole host of corporate¹⁷ entities¹⁸ controlled by their institutions. They have personal wealth and power. And so really beginning to target the networks that allow them to hold onto power, to sustain a patronage¹⁹ network, to recruit new forces, putting a stranglehold on that, while at the same time trying to cut off any international support that might be flowing to either side from outside of the country, I think, are going to be the two big factors to try to both arrest the conflict where it is right now, prevent it from growing any further and then putting a kind of penalty on both of these actors for their actions into the future.

FADEL: Cameron Hudson is a senior associate in the African program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Thank you so much for joining us.

HUDSON: Thank you.

1 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

2 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

3 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

4 factions   

组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The gens also lives on in the "factions." 氏族此外还继续存在于“factions〔“帮”〕中。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
• rival factions within the administration 政府中的对立派别

5 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

6 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

7 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

8 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

9 envoys   

使节( envoy的名词复数 )； 公使； 谈判代表； 使节身份

参考例句：

• the routine tit for tat when countries expel each other's envoys 国家相互驱逐对方使节这种惯常的报复行动
• Marco Polo's travelogue mentions that Kublai Khan sent envoys to Malgache. 马可波罗游记中提到忽必烈曾派使节到马尔加什。

10 supremacy   

n.至上；至高权力

参考例句：

• No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员，无人能胜过她。
• Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说，她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。

11 deposed   

v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证

参考例句：

• The president was deposed in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被废黜。
• The head of state was deposed by the army. 国家元首被军队罢免了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 reclaim   

v.要求归还，收回；开垦

参考例句：

• I have tried to reclaim my money without success.我没能把钱取回来。
• You must present this ticket when you reclaim your luggage.当你要取回行李时，必须出示这张票子。

13 format   

n.设计，版式；[计算机]格式，DOS命令:格式化(磁盘)，用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据；v.使格式化，设计，安排

参考例句：

• Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
• The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。

14 unified   

(unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的

参考例句：

• The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
• The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。

15 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

16 fabulously   

难以置信地，惊人地

参考例句：

• The couple are said to be fabulously wealthy. 据说这对夫妇家财万贯。
• I should say this shirt matches your trousers fabulously. 我得说这衬衫同你的裤子非常相配。

17 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

18 entities   

实体对像； 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

19 patronage   

n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场

参考例句：

• Though it was not yet noon,there was considerable patronage.虽然时间未到中午，店中已有许多顾客惠顾。
• I am sorry to say that my patronage ends with this.很抱歉，我的赞助只能到此为止。