美国国家公共电台 NPR--Artificial Intelligence comes with risks. How can companies develop AI responsibly?

Artificial Intelligence comes with risks. How can companies develop AI responsibly?

Transcript¹

NPR's A Martinez talks to Ifeoma Ajunwa, a law professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel² Hill, about how AI can be developed responsibly, and if it should be regulated.

A MART?NEZ, HOST:

Vice³ President Kamala Harris is set to meet today with tech leaders to discuss artificial intelligence. CEOs from Alphabet, Microsoft and OpenAI have also been invited to the White House to talk about how to develop AI responsibly. So what does responsible AI look like? Joining us to talk about this is Ifeoma Ajunwa. She's a law professor at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where she directs an artificial intelligence research program. Professor, welcome back. There's been a lot of speculation⁴ about the dangers of artificial intelligence taking away jobs maybe, promoting misinformation. Even Drake got dragged into this. So how much of this is hype?

IFEOMA AJUNWA: (Laughter) Well, I mean, some of it is hype. But we also want to be careful about the capabilities⁵ of artificial intelligence, especially its potential to be used for discriminatory purposes and also the effect that it can have on the labor⁶ market and also the workplace.

MART?NEZ: So there are actual risks here. I know that we're having fun with this, but you actually have identified actual risks.

AJUNWA: Yes, of course. There are risks. I mean, the writers' strike that's going on now is proof of that, because really at the crux⁷ of the matter of the strike is the idea that writers want to be able to curtail⁸ the use of AI in writing shows and therefore essentially⁹ excluding human writers. And so that is something as a society that we have to grapple with. And we have to come to an understanding that we still want to carve out a space for human workers and not, you know, just replace everybody with robots.

MART?NEZ: So in a capitalistic system, professor, how can companies develop AI responsibly?

AJUNWA: I think, you know, in a capitalist system, companies will always still want to make profit. But you still want to ask yourself, if workers are not able to make good wages and if, you know, jobs are taken away from workers, then who will be your consumers? So we still have to keep the bottom line of making sure that the economy works for the humans.

MART?NEZ: What about regulating AI? I know the Federal Trade Commission is interested in doing that. To how much do you think, or maybe at all, should the government be involved in something like this?

AJUNWA: Oh, I think the government should definitely directly be involved with something like this because what is happening is that technology is developing at a fast pace. We don't yet know really the full capability¹⁰, the full potential of how AI can grow. And without the government there as a, you know, safeguard, as a check and balance, we could have AI that potentially gets too big to really regulate, essentially. And we don't want that. We want to be at the forefront of making sure that AI is being developed responsibly, and that the way that AI is being designed is with fairness in mind for humans.

MART?NEZ: Thing is, though, professor, I mean, we've seen with social media that the government typically is very slow to keep up with tech. I mean, just last June, you and I were on this show speaking about how the law might apply to AI if it ever becomes self-aware. It felt unlikely then, but now it's inside a year and we're here. So do you think that people have a clear understanding of what artificial intelligence can and cannot do?

AJUNWA: Yes, I think it's remarkable¹¹, right? In just a few short months, we've seen ChatGPT and various editions of it already. So I think we do want to be really cognizant that AI will continue to develop. And although the law is slow to change, we do have to also try to attempt to get the law to keep up with it.

MART?NEZ: Ifeoma Ajunwa is a law professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where she directs an artificial intelligence research program. Professor, thanks.

AJUNWA: Thank you so much for having me.

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 chapel   

n.小教堂，殡仪馆

参考例句：

• The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
• She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。

3 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

4 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

5 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

6 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

7 crux   

adj.十字形；难事，关键，最重要点

参考例句：

• The crux of the matter is how to comprehensively treat this trend.问题的关键是如何全面地看待这种趋势。
• The crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed.问题的要害是人们的态度转变了。

8 curtail   

vt.截短，缩短；削减

参考例句：

• The government hopes to curtail public spending.政府希望缩减公共事业开支。
• The minister had to curtail his visit.部长不得不缩短访问日期。

9 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

10 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

11 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。