美国国家公共电台 NPR--Artificial intelligence can be found in many places. How safe is the technology?

Artificial intelligence can be found in many places. How safe is the technology?

Transcript¹

NPR's A Martinez speaks with Jack² Clark, co-founder of artificial intelligence company Anthropic, about AI safety concerns.

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

So let's talk about artificial intelligence now, or AI. It can be found in all sorts of places today, including phones, weapons and household smart devices. But there are already concerns about whether the capabilities⁴ of the technology have outstripped⁵ any guardrails to prevent misuse⁶. We reached out to one company, Anthropic, that says it's working to make AI safer. Our colleague, A Martínez, spoke⁷ earlier with the company's co-founder, Jack Clark, and A asked him to describe his own concerns with AI.

JACK CLARK: It's an amazing time in AI right now where systems are getting better far more quickly than our ability to evaluate them. So is our AI system or any AI system a nice AI system or a bad AI system? It's actually hard to tell. There's room for greater government involvement, greater civil society involvement, greater academic involvement in the development of AI because people are nervous because AI is being developed by a very small set of private sector⁸ actors.

A MART?NEZ, HOST:

What do you mean, though, government involvement? Isn't that one of the biggest dangers is that our lawmakers barely have any understanding of what AI is?

CLARK: People are waking up, including lawmakers, to how AI has a role in national security. It has a role in geopolitics. We've seen AI in various forms being used in the war in the Ukraine. So I think that what you're seeing among policymakers is a pretty rapid desire to get up to speed on where it is, and they're much more engaged now than they've ever been.

MART?NEZ: So considering how fast things do move, especially with AI, right now in May of 2023, what would be your No. 1 concern?

CLARK: My No. 1 concern about AI right now is AI systems can do more things than their creators know that they can do. It's kind of like if we were in the business of making cars, after you release the car, someone discovers it can fly or go underwater, and you had no idea as the car manufacturer. That's where AI is today. Systems get released. Then some 17-year-old with a laptop discovers that the system can do a completely wild thing that its creators did not anticipate.

MART?NEZ: So if that's the case, what would be an easy way to try and tamp⁹ that down, or at least just figure out a way where it doesn't move as quickly?

CLARK: So there is one exciting thing happening. In August this year in Las Vegas, there's a hacking¹⁰ conference called DEF CON³. And at that conference, Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, Anthropic - my company - and many others are going to have their systems be red-teamed by thousands and thousands of hackers¹¹. We think a future thing that policymakers might want you to do is before you release the system, have it get attacked by people trying to misuse it and trying to break it, and then you can learn from that. And you have this kind of build-it, break-it, fix-it dynamic.

MART?NEZ: Now, you used to work at OpenAI, which created ChatGPT, and then you left to found Anthropic. And you left to create what your company calls a safer ChatGPT. So what exactly does that look like?

CLARK: So one thing we've done is we've tried to find ways to make safety more at the core of our technology. So something that we've released this week is the so-called constitution behind our language model, Claude, for ways that the AI system should behave. And we've done that because, otherwise, AI systems learn values by interacting with people, and it's really hard to figure out what the values are that they've learned.

MART?NEZ: Jack, the debate around artificial intelligence feels very much like the now. But I think sometimes we are so in the now that we don't see the next. Are we in the right place right now in these discussions that we're having?

CLARK: Something which most technologists say privately¹² when you talk about AI policy, in two or three years the systems are going to be far more powerful, and the problems are going to be far weirder¹³, and we can't really anticipate them today. So I think when people are regulating this technology, they're treating it like a normal technology which evolves relatively¹⁴ slowly and relatively predictably. This technology evolves very quickly and relatively unpredictably. So if anything, my main takeaway is the future is going to be a lot weirder than the present, and we should have our minds kind of pointed¹⁵ towards that, as well as dealing¹⁶ with these challenges we have today.

MART?NEZ: That's Anthropic co-founder Jack Clark. Jack, thanks a lot.

CLARK: Thanks very much.

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

3 con   

n.反对的观点，反对者，反对票，肺病；vt.精读，学习，默记；adv.反对地，从反面；adj.欺诈的

参考例句：

• We must be fair and consider the reason pro and con.我们必须公平考虑赞成和反对的理由。
• The motion is adopted non con.因无人投反对票，协议被通过。

4 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

5 outstripped   

v.做得比…更好，（在赛跑等中）超过( outstrip的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• That manufacturer outstripped all his competitors in sales last year. 那个制造商家去年的销售量超过了所有竞争对手。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The imagination of her mother and herself had outstripped the truth. 母亲和她自己的想象力远远超过了事实。 来自辞典例句

6 misuse   

n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用

参考例句：

• It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
• He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。

7 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

8 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

9 tamp   

v.捣实，砸实

参考例句：

• Then I tamp down the soil with the back of a rake.然后我用耙子的背将土壤拍实。
• Philpott tamped a wad of tobacco into his pipe.菲尔波特往烟斗里塞了一卷碎烟叶。

10 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

11 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

12 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

13 weirder   

怪诞的( weird的比较级 )； 神秘而可怕的； 超然的； 古怪的

参考例句：

• Actually, things got a little weirder when the tow truck driver showed up. 事实上，在拖吊车司机出现后，事情的发展更加怪异。

14 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

15 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

16 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。