美国国家公共电台 NPR--Schools feel pressure to reassess disciplinary policies including a role for police

Schools feel pressure to reassess disciplinary policies including a role for police

Transcript¹

Schools are reporting more disruptions and violent behavior. It has provoked fears, frustration² and a reevaluation of whether police should be stationed inside schools.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

Over the past school year, teachers and principals say they've been dealing³ with disruptions, violence and threats. They report fights, kids smuggling⁴ weapons into classrooms and trouble maintaining discipline. Many of these schools have been trying not to kick students out. So now some talk of bringing police back in. NPR's Martin Kaste reports.

MARTIN KASTE, BYLINE⁵: This is Ingraham High School on the north end of Seattle.

(SOUNDBITE OF LONG ELECTRONIC BEEP)

KASTE: And just inside the entrance, there's a poster - a memorial. It says, REST EZ EB, a reference to a 17-year-old boy named Ebenezer shot to death in the school hallway. That was in November. The flowers taped to the poster are now wilted⁶. But the memories are still vivid.

MAKE GALLITELLI: I fear every day. You know, I really fear.

KASTE: Outside the school, Make Gallitelli recalls rushing here with other anxious parents. Her freshman⁷ daughter had heard the gunshots but was OK. And since then, many of the parents have been pressing the school district to explain what happened and to review its policies for discipline and safety since the pandemic.

GALLITELLI: I believe that there is a lot of health issues and emotional issues in the youth, in adults and everything. We're seeing it. But I also believe that there is permissiveness in schools.

KASTE: Similar complaints have been heard around the country this school year, from Brevard County, Fla., where Sheriff Wayne Ivey held a press conference outside his jail denouncing students who'd attacked local school staff...

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

WAYNE IVEY: Quite frankly⁸, they're not worried about getting in trouble. They know nothing's going to happen to them. They know they're not going to be given after-school detention⁹. They're not going to be suspended. They're not going to be expelled.

KASTE: ...To Portland, Ore., where a seventh grader told the school board about how another student had held a blade to her throat and then was allowed back to the same school building.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED STUDENT: I'm not asking. I am not begging. I am demanding that you take charge and provide for students' safety. Do something. Don't wait for someone to get killed.

(APPLAUSE)

KASTE: At Ingraham High in Seattle, parents focused on reports that the alleged¹⁰ shooter had been caught one month earlier with a hunting knife and a realistic-looking BB gun. NPR member station KUOW uncovered internal school communications about the incident. At least one staffer asked if the boy shouldn't be expelled, but he just got suspended for 2 1/2 days. Seattle schools would not do an interview about this case, but the district has been trying to de-emphasize certain punishments in recent years. It's part of a national movement.

RACHEL PERERA: Research shows that suspensions and expulsions can have a negative effect on students.

KASTE: Rachel Perera studies K-12 education policy at the Brookings Institution. Since the Obama administration, she says, schools have recognized that exclusionary¹¹ punishments are used more often against students of color, something critics call the school-to-prison pipeline¹². Perera says the trend away from this is a good thing, but it may now be running into some headwinds.

PERERA: I do worry about that because we're seeing lots of reports both in the media and in surveys of educators that they are facing more acute behavioral challenges.

KASTE: And it's not that principals want to start expelling more kids again.

SCOTT SEAMAN¹³: I don't disagree with the movement. We were disproportionately suspending students of color for decades.

KASTE: Scott Seaman runs the Association of Washington School Principals. He says what he's been hearing around his state and the country is that after the pandemic, districts have failed to provide enough alternatives, such as more counseling and programs known as restorative justice.

SEAMAN: The problem now is now you've got a whole bunch of students bottled up in the system with no additional resources to deal with the issue.

KASTE: And this worry about troubled kids being bottled up leads to another question - when should the schools turn to the police? During the George Floyd protests of 2020, many big-city school districts made a point of ending their police in the schools programs. Portland, Ore., was one of those.

HENRY CALLAHAN: We have a very - a school that doesn't always support law enforcement.

KASTE: Henry Callahan is a junior at Cleveland High School. A student was shot in December, and Callahan later did a story for the student paper about the possibility of bringing police back.

CALLAHAN: We were expecting a lot of people to be like, yeah, no, absolutely not.

KASTE: Instead, he found that opinions had softened¹⁴.

CALLAHAN: We saw, honestly, a lot more of the students voicing like, yeah, you know what? It might be necessary. Or, we think it is time, you know.

KASTE: Some parents petitioned the school district to rebuild its ties with the police, and the board is now planning to bring officers closer to schools, but not necessarily back into schools. Jacque Dixon is the vice¹⁵ president of the Portland Association of Teachers. She says most of her colleagues prefer to keep the cops on the outside.

JACQUE DIXON: There is research out there that suggests having a police presence in schools can be harmful to students and cause them to feel like they don't want to be in that environment.

KASTE: But other districts have brought police back inside, often after violence. In Denver, when a student shot two administrators¹⁶ in March, the mayor said removing officers from schools had been, quote, "a mistake." Mo Canady is the executive director of the National Association of School Resource Officers, known as SROs.

MO CANADY: The ranks of SROs are growing once again.

KASTE: He says that often happens after a high-profile school shooting. But this year it may also have to do with the big increase in the number of first-time gun buyers during the pandemic and police warnings about more unsecured guns being left where kids can get to them. Canady says this is where a school needs a trained police officer.

CANADY: We don't need school administrators having to be tasked with searching someone for a gun. That's not fair to them.

KASTE: Back in Seattle, the district is not ready to station officers inside schools. And that's all right with Ingraham parent Make Gallitelli. She doesn't think a school-based cop could have prevented the fatal shooting here. And she's also a believer in finding ways to avoid suspending or expelling kids. But once there's a weapon, she draws the line.

GALLITELLI: That child needs to be treated with respect, but find a way - somehow remove that child from the rest of the students because that child represents a threat.

KASTE: District administrators have been meeting with her and other parents privately¹⁷ to try to reassure¹⁸ them about safety. And just a few weeks ago, when an online video showed a student flashing a gun in the school's parking lot, they quickly called the police to confiscate¹⁹ the weapon.

Martin Kaste, NPR News.

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。

3 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

4 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 wilted   

（使）凋谢，枯萎( wilt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The flowers wilted in the hot sun. 花在烈日下枯萎了。
• The romance blossomed for six or seven months, and then wilted. 那罗曼史持续六七个月之后就告吹了。

7 freshman   

n.大学一年级学生(可兼指男女)

参考例句：

• Jack decided to live in during his freshman year at college.杰克决定大一时住校。
• He is a freshman in the show business.他在演艺界是一名新手。

8 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

9 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

10 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

11 exclusionary   

adj.排斥（性）的，排除在外的

参考例句：

• Play not finish, uncle fidgeting, cut exclusionary. 戏未演完，叔父坐立不安，仓皇退席。 来自互联网
• Procecutor: I am asking you to recognize the absurdity of the exclusionary rule. 检察官：我是在请求您认识到这个排除规则的荒谬性。 来自互联网

12 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

13 seaman   

n.海员，水手，水兵

参考例句：

• That young man is a experienced seaman.那个年轻人是一个经验丰富的水手。
• The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。

14 softened   

（使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰

参考例句：

• His smile softened slightly. 他的微笑稍柔和了些。
• The ice cream softened and began to melt. 冰淇淋开始变软并开始融化。

15 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

16 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

17 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

18 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

19 confiscate   

v.没收(私人财产)，把…充公

参考例句：

• The police have the right to confiscate any forbidden objects they find.如发现违禁货物，警方有权查扣。
• Did the teacher confiscate your toy?老师没收你的玩具了吗？