新西兰英语 362 Kiwi Fruit Disease

　　One kiwi fruit grower in the Bay of Plenty has discovered a disease in his orchard¹ which has frightened all kiwi fruit growers in the area. Tests have shown that the disease is PSA although they don’t yet know which type of PSA it is. This disease is caused by bacteria. The bacteria are spread by wind pollination² so it could affect other orchards³. PSA has caused a 50% drop in kiwi fruit harvest in Italy and there are fears that this could happen here. It seems to affect only the golden kiwi fruit plants. Our kiwi fruit industry is worth more than $1bn.
How did these bacteria arrive in New Zealand when we have such strict bio-security controls at the airports? Maybe someone brought a diseased plant into the country and this was not discovered at the airport. It is possible that the bacteria have been dormant⁴ in the orchard for many years but because of different weather – maybe more rain than usual – the plants are now affected⁵. The first signs are black spots on the leaves.
MAF – the Ministry⁶ of Agriculture and Fisheries – is doing all it can to stop this disease from spreading. The affected orchard and another one close by, are in quarantine. No one may enter. On all other kiwi fruit orchards, workers spray their boots and tools with disinfectant.
MAF thinks that the climate and soil in the Bay of Plenty, where most kiwi fruit are grown, are different from Italy. This could mean that the disease will not do much damage here.
The disease cannot spread from the fruit. That is still safe to eat and safe to export.
To find out more about biosecurity problems listen to March 25th 2010
Questions
1. How is it possible for diseased plants to enter New Zealand?
2. Have you heard of “foot and mouth” disease that can affect animals? Could this be similar?
3. Do you know the expression “to put all your eggs in one basket”? In the Bay of Plenty, most growers are kiwi fruit growers. Can you see why they are seriously worried?

1 orchard   

n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场

参考例句：

• My orchard is bearing well this year.今年我的果园果实累累。
• Each bamboo house was surrounded by a thriving orchard.每座竹楼周围都是茂密的果园。

2 pollination   

n.授粉

参考例句：

• The flowers get pollination by insects.这些花通过昆虫授粉。
• Without sufficient pollination,the growth of the corn is stunted.没有得到充足的授粉，谷物的长势就会受阻。

3 orchards   

（通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They turned the hills into orchards and plains into granaries. 他们把山坡变成了果园，把平地变成了粮仓。
• Some of the new planted apple orchards have also begun to bear. 有些新开的苹果园也开始结苹果了。

4 dormant   

adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的

参考例句：

• Many animals are in a dormant state during winter.在冬天许多动物都处于睡眠状态。
• This dormant volcano suddenly fired up.这座休眠火山突然爆发了。

5 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

6 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。