新西兰英语 645 Kiwifruit Disease

 　　First listen to November 15th 2010 to hear about the kiwifruit disease, PSA.

　　When kiwifruit orchard¹ growers first noticed signs of the PSA disease 20 months ago, there were hopes that this would not be a big problem. However, now more than 1000 orchards² have PSA. This is 37% of the kiwifruit growers and means losses to these people of about $400m. They have to replace their dead vines with healthy plants.

　　A new report shows poor communication between growers and the Ministry³ for Primary Industries (which used to be called the Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry).

　　Government scientists tested pollen⁴ in 2010 and found that it could carry PSA disease but they did not tell kiwifruit growers because they did not know that New Zealand imported pollen. Kiwifruit growers looked at earlier research which said that pollen could not carry PSA so they imported pollen from China in 2010.

　　Some growers also imported young plants from China. These were in quarantine for six months but it is not clear if six months was long enough to kill any bacteria.

　　The report recommended that the Ministry for Primary Industries make some changes in the future.

　　Note: kiwifruit are safe to eat. The disease is not in the fruit.

　　Vocabulary

　　vine –kiwifruit grown on vines which climb along wire, like grapes

　　pollen – a powder on the anthers of flowers; the male gamete

　　quarantine – isolated from other plants so disease cannot spread

　　it is not clear – we do not know

1 orchard   

n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场

参考例句：

• My orchard is bearing well this year.今年我的果园果实累累。
• Each bamboo house was surrounded by a thriving orchard.每座竹楼周围都是茂密的果园。

2 orchards   

（通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They turned the hills into orchards and plains into granaries. 他们把山坡变成了果园，把平地变成了粮仓。
• Some of the new planted apple orchards have also begun to bear. 有些新开的苹果园也开始结苹果了。

3 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

4 pollen   

n.[植]花粉

参考例句：

• Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。
• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。