TED演讲:生病时感到难受的惊人原因(3)

 　　Though it's worth noting that if you don't drink enough water, that dehydration¹ can become dangerous. 但值得注意的是，如果饮水不足可能变成危险的脱水。

　　Even the body's aches make you more sensitive,  连身体疼痛也会使你变得更敏感，

　　drawing attention to infected cuts that might be worsening, or even causing your condition. 让你注意到有个感染的伤口可能加重，或造成了你目前的状况。

　　In addition to physical symptoms, sickness can also make you irritable², sad, and confused. 除了身体症状外，生病也会令你感到烦躁、忧伤以及思想混乱。

　　That's because cytokines and prostaglandin can reach even higher structures in your brain,  那是因为细胞因子和前列腺素能到达脑部更高层的组织，

　　disrupting the activity of neurotransmitters, like glutamate, endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine. 干扰神经传导物质的运作，例如：谷氨酸 (glutamate)、内啡肽 (endorphin)、血清素 (serotonin)及多巴胺 (dopamine)。

　　This affects areas like the limbic system, which oversees³ emotions, and your cerebral⁴ cortex, which is involved in reasoning. 这会影响一些区域，如监督情绪的边缘系统（Limbic System）及参与推理的大脑皮质。

　　So it's actually the body's own immune response that causes much of the discomfort⁵ you feel every time you get ill. 所以事实上是身体自己的免疫系统导致每次感冒时的诸多不舒服。

　　Unfortunately, it doesn't always work perfectly⁶. 不幸的是，免疫系统并不总是运作完美。

　　Most notably⁷, millions of people worldwide suffer from autoimmune diseases,  最值得一提的是，全球有数百万人罹患自体免疫性疾病，

　　in which the immune system treats normal bodily cues as threats, so the body attacks itself. 也就是免疫系统将正常身体信号视为威胁，因而攻击自己的身体。

　　But for the majority of the human race, 但对大部份的人类而言，

　　millions of years of evolution have fine-tuned the immune system so that it works for, rather than against us. 数百万年来的演化已将免疫系统精细调整以便为人类效力，而非对抗。

　　The symptoms of our illnesses are annoying, but collectively, they signify an ancient process  生病的症状虽很恼人，但总体而论，它们象征着一种久远的过程，

　　that will continue barricading⁸ our bodies against the outside world for centuries to come. 在未来的世纪将继续保卫我们的身体，对抗外在的世界。

1 dehydration   

n.脱水，干燥

参考例句：

• He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
• The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。

2 irritable   

adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的

参考例句：

• He gets irritable when he's got toothache.他牙一疼就很容易发脾气。
• Our teacher is an irritable old lady.She gets angry easily.我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。

3 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网

4 cerebral   

adj.脑的，大脑的；有智力的，理智型的

参考例句：

• Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
• He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人，措辞谨慎。

5 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

6 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

7 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

8 barricading   

设路障于，以障碍物阻塞( barricade的现在分词 )； 设路障[防御工事]保卫或固守

参考例句：

• He was barricading himself against possibilities. 他严阵以待可能发生的事。
• As he had anticipated, a thundering iron gate fell nearby, barricading the entrance to the suite. 果然不出馆长所料，附近的一扇铁门轰然倒下，封住了通往画廊的入口。