TED演讲:应不应该相信自己的第一印象(2)

 　　So, unfortunately for our new friend from the football game, his bad behavior at the game might outweigh¹ his good behavior at the park. 所以，很不幸对在足球赛中认识的那位新朋友来说，他在观众席上不道德的行为带来的影响会大于他在公园里的友善行为。

　　Research suggests that this bias² occurs because immoral³ behaviors are more diagnostic,  研究表明，这种偏见产生的原因在于负面行为更容易识别，

　　or revealing, of a person's true character. 或者说让一个人的真实性格更有呈现力。

　　Okay, so by this logic⁴, bad is always stronger than good when it comes to updating. 根据这种思维逻辑，在涉及到信息更新时，坏行为的影响力要大于好行为。

　　Well, not necessarily. 这一理论不一定完全适用。

　　Certain types of learning don't seem to lead to this sort of negativity bias. 某些认知方式不会导致这种负面的偏见。

　　When learning about another person's abilities and competencies, for instance, this bias flips⁵. 当了解到某人的能力时，以此为例，这种偏见就跳开了。

　　It's actually the positive information that gets weighted more heavily. 实际上，积极信息的影响力变得更大了。

　　Let's go back to that football game. 让我们再谈回足球赛的事。

　　If a player scores a goal, it ultimately has a stronger impact on your impression of their skills than if they miss the net. 一个球员踢进球在你对他技术的印象上比他们丢了球影响力更大。

　　The two sides of the updating story are ultimately quite consistent. 两方面的信息更新最终相当一致。

　　Overall, behaviors that are perceived as being less frequent are also the ones 总的来说，在人们建立或更新印象时

　　that people tend to weigh more heavily when forming and updating impressions,  越是少见的行为人们越容易看得更重，

　　highly immoral actions and highly competent actions. 比如，非常不道德的行为和能体现能力的行为。

　　So, what's happening at the level of the brain when we're updating our impressions? 所以，在我们刷新印象时大脑里发生了什么呢？

　　Using fMRI, or functional⁶ Magnetic Resonance⁷ Imaging, researchers have identified an extended network of brain regions  利用fMRI--功能性磁共振成像，研究者发现，

　　that respond to new information that's inconsistent with initial impressions. 回应新信息的新扩展出的脑区网络同最初的印象并无关联。

　　These include areas typically associated with social cognition, attention, and cognitive⁸ control. 这些区域尤其同社会认知、注意力以及认知控制相关。

1 outweigh   

vt.比...更重，...更重要

参考例句：

• The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
• One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。

2 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

3 immoral   

adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的

参考例句：

• She was questioned about his immoral conduct toward her.她被询问过有关他对她的不道德行为的情况。
• It is my belief that nuclear weapons are immoral.我相信使核武器是不邪恶的。

4 logic   

n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性

参考例句：

• What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑？
• I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。

5 flips   

轻弹( flip的第三人称单数 )； 按（开关）； 快速翻转； 急挥

参考例句：

• Larry flips on the TV while he is on vacation in Budapest. 赖瑞在布达佩斯渡假时，打开电视收看节目。
• He flips through a book before making a decision. 他在决定买下一本书前总要先草草翻阅一下。

6 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

7 resonance   

n.洪亮；共鸣；共振

参考例句：

• Playing the piano sets up resonance in those glass ornaments.一弹钢琴那些玻璃饰物就会产生共振。
• The areas under the two resonance envelopes are unequal.两个共振峰下面的面积是不相等的。

8 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。