TED演讲:什么是脂肪(2)

 　　Now, even though both of these molecules² are made up of exactly the same building blocks, 尽管这两种分子由一模一样的东西组成，

　　they are two completely different substances, and they behave completely differently inside of us. 但它们是完全不同的物质，在我们体内的表现也完全不同。

　　The configuration³ on the left is called CIS, which you've probably never heard of. 左边的这个结构称为顺式异构体 (CIS)，你可能从来也没听过。

　　The one of the right is called TRANS, and you probably have heard of trans fats before. 右边的这个称为反式异构体 (TRANS)，你以前可能有听过反式脂肪。

　　They don't go rancid, they're more stable during deep frying, 它们不容易变质，在油炸时比较稳定，

　　and they can change the texture⁴ of foods in ways that other fats just can't. 而且可以改变食物的口感，这是其它种类的脂肪无法做到的。

　　They're also terrible for your health, by far worse than saturated⁵ fat, 但是它们非常不健康，比饱和脂肪还要糟糕，

　　even though technically⁶ they're a type of unsaturated fat. 虽然严格来说，它们是不饱和脂肪的一种。

　　Now, I know that seems crazy, but your body doesn't care what a molecule¹ looks like on paper. 我知道，这听上去很不可思议，但是你的身体可不管某个分子在纸上的样子。

　　All that matters is the 3-D shape where the molecule fits, where it doesn't, and what pathways it interferes⁷ with. 它只在乎它们的立体形状，在哪里结合，哪里不结合，还有它所经之处造成的影响。

　　So, how do you know if a food has trans fat in it? 那么，你怎么知道食物是否含有反式脂肪呢？

　　Well, the only sure way to know is if you see the words, "partially⁸ hydrogenated" in the ingredients list. 唯一能够确定的方法是看食品成分里面有没有“部分氢化”的字眼。

　　Don't let nutrition labels or advertising⁹ fool you. 别让营养标签或广告骗了你。

　　The FDA allows manufacturers to claim that their products contain "0" grams of trans fat 美国食品药物管理局(FDA)允许制造商宣称他们的产品包含0克反式脂肪，

　　even if they actually have up to half a gram per serving. 即使“每份”反式脂肪含量多达0.5克（低于0.5克）。

　　But there are no hard and fast rules about how small a serving can be,and,  但是没有严格的规定限制“每份”最少应该是多少，

　　that means, you'll have to rely on seeing those key words, partially hydrogenated, 这就意味着，你得依赖关键字“ 部分氢化”，

　　because that's how trans fats are made, by partially hydrogenating unsaturated fats. 因为那是制造反式脂肪的方式，即通过部分氢化不饱和脂肪生成。

　　So, let's go back to our olive oil and pancake mix from before. 那我们再回到之前提到的橄榄油和煎饼。

　　Olive oil is 100% fat. 橄榄油是100%的脂肪。

　　Pancake mix is only 11% fat. 煎饼只含约11%的脂肪。

　　But olive oil is mostly unsaturated fat, and it has no trans fat at all. 但是橄榄油大部分是不饱和脂肪，完全不含反式脂肪。

　　On the other hand, more than half the fat in pancake mix is either saturated or trans fat. 而煎饼里超过一半的脂肪是饱和脂肪或反式脂肪。

　　And, so, even though olive oil has 10 times as much fat as pancake mix, 所以，虽然橄榄油含的脂肪是煎饼的10倍，

　　it's healthy for you, whereas pancake mix is not. 但它对你有益，而煎饼则不然。

　　Now, I'm not trying to pick on pancake mix. 当然我并不是要故意针对煎饼。

　　There are lots of foods with this type of fat profile. 很多的食品含有这种类型的脂肪。

　　The point is this: It's not how much fat you eat, it's what kind of fat. 重点是：吃多少脂肪不重要，而是你吃了什么样的脂肪。

　　And what makes a particular fat healthy or unhealthy is its shape. 决定脂肪是否健康的关键是它的形状。

1 molecule   

n.分子，克分子

参考例句：

• A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
• This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

2 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

3 configuration   

n.结构，布局，形态，(计算机)配置

参考例句：

• Geographers study the configuration of the mountains.地理学家研究山脉的地形轮廓。
• Prices range from $119 to $199,depending on the particular configuration.价格因具体配置而异，从119美元至199美元不等。

4 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

5 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

6 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

7 interferes   

vi. 妨碍，冲突，干涉

参考例句：

• The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。
• That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。

8 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

9 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。