TED演讲 获奖青少年,科技在行动(1)

 If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option, 如果你去饭店，你想吃得健康一点，

which would you choose, grilled¹ or fried chicken? 你会选择哪种食品呢，烤鸡还是炸鸡？

Now most people would answer grilled, 多数人都会选择烤鸡，

and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories. 的确，烤鸡含有较少的脂肪和卡路里。

However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger. 但是，烤鸡存在一个潜在的危险。

The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines -- specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine, or PhIP 这个潜在的危险是多环胺类-- 具体的来讲，是phenomethylimidazopyridine, 或者简称为PhIP

which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound. 是免疫原性或致癌物质的成分。

A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, 致癌物质是任何 会导致细胞的异常增长，

which can also cause them to metastasize or spread. 也会导致细胞的转移和扩张的介质。

They are also organic compounds. 它们也是有机物 。

in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with a more complex group. 氨中的一个或多个氢 被替换成更复杂的组成。

Studies show that antioxidants are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines. 研究显示抗氧化剂 能减少这些杂胺环 。

However, no studies exist yet that show how or why. 但是，现在还没有研究 显示通过如何方式或者为什么。

These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens. 这是五个不同的组织对致癌物的分类 。

And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe, 如同你所看到的，没有任何一个组织认为该组成物是安全的，

which justifies² the need to decrease them in our diet. 就是说我们需要在饮食中减少对它们的摄入。

Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea. 现在你可能会问一个13岁的女孩怎么会想到这一点 。

And I was led to it through a series of events. 是一系列的事件将我引导至此的。

I first learned about it through a lawsuit³ I read about in my doctor's office 首先，是我在医生那里听到的一个诉讼案，

which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine and seven different fast food restaurants. 是关于责任医学委员会 和七个不同的快餐店之间的诉讼。

They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken, 快餐店被告并不是因为在鸡肉中有致癌物质，

but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65, 而是因为加利福尼亚州65号提案，

which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products then the companies had to give a clear warning. 提案要求如果产品中有任何有害成分 公司应该给出明确的警告。

So I was very surprised about this. 我对此很惊讶。

And I was wondering why nobody knew more about this dangerous grilled chicken, 我很奇怪为什么没有人知道 有害烤鸡，

which doesn't seem very harmful. 虽然它们看起来不那么有害。

But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner, 但是一天晚上，晚餐时我妈妈在烤鸡，

and I noticed that the edges of the chicken, 我注意到鸡肉的边缘，

which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white. 经过柠檬汁的浸泡，变白了。

And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing, 后来在生物课上，我学到这是由于一种叫变性的过程，

which is where the proteins will change shape and lose their ability to chemically function. 就是蛋白质会改变形态 失去它们化学性功能

So I combined these two ideas and I formulated⁴ a hypothesis, 所以，我将两种想法综合在一起，创造了一个假说，

saying that, could possibly the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade 那就是，很可能的 致癌物因为腌泡汁的浸泡而降低

and could it be due to the differences in PH? 是因为酸碱度的改变？

 

1 grilled   

adj. 烤的, 炙过的, 有格子的 动词grill的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go. 他被严厉盘查了两个小时后，警察才放他走。
• He was grilled until he confessed. 他被严加拷问，直到他承认为止。

2 justifies   

证明…有理( justify的第三人称单数 )； 为…辩护； 对…作出解释； 为…辩解（或辩护）

参考例句：

• Their frequency of use both justifies and requires the memorization. 频繁的使用需要记忆，也促进了记忆。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• In my judgement the present end justifies the means. 照我的意见，只要目的正当，手段是可以不计较的。

3 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

4 formulated   

v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》