TED演讲 第3期:抑郁的狗 强迫症的猫(3)

 She actually has a Harvard psychiatrist,and she's been treated for a mood disorder¹ among other things. 她有一个来自哈弗的精神医师帮她治疗她的情绪病和其他问题。

Many animals develop mood disorders². Lots of creatures a this horse is just one example a develop self-destructive behaviors. 很多动物都会有情绪障碍，很多动物，比如这只马有自残行为。

They'll gnaw³ on things or do other things that may also soothe⁴ them,even if they're self-destructive,which could be considered similar to the ways that some humans cut themselves. 他们会乱咬东西。虽然是在放松心情，但本质上在自我伤害就像有些人割伤自己。

Plucking.  还有拔毛！

Turns out, if you have fur or feathers or skin,you can pluck yourself compulsively,and some parrots actually have been studied to better understand trichotillomania, or compulsive plucking in humans,something that affects 20 million Americans right now. 原来，只要你有皮毛，羽毛，或皮肤你就可能强迫性地拔毛，。人们通过研究鹦鹉。试图找出人类拔毛癖 或强迫性拔毛的原因。一个正在困扰两千万美国人的问题。

Lab rats pluck themselves too.  实验室的老鼠也拔自己的毛。

In them, it's called barbering.  这在它们看来是理发。

Canine⁵ veterans of conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan are coming back with what's considered canine PTSD,and they're having a hard time reentering civilian⁶ life when they come back from deployments.  从伊拉克和阿富汗冲突退役的犬类回来后被发现 患有犬类创伤后症候群，。当它们被调回来后它们很难回到正常的生活。

They can be too scared to approach men with beards or to hop⁷ into cars.  它们会害怕接近留胡子的人或不敢跳进车内。

I want to be careful and be clear, though.  在这里我想谨慎地澄清，

I do not think that canine PTSD is the same as human PTSD.  我不认为犬类的创伤后症候群跟人类的是一回事。

But I also do not think that my PTSD is like your PTSD,or that my anxiety or that my sadness is like yours.  但我同样不认为。我的创伤症候群和你的一样，或我的焦虑和悲伤跟你的一样。

We are all different.  我们都是不同的。

We also all have very different susceptibilities.  会有非常不同的承易受性。

So two dogs, raised in the same household,exposed to the very same things,one may develop, say, a debilitating⁸ fear of motorcycles,or a phobia of the beep of the microwave,and another one is going to be just fine.   比如两只狗在一个家庭里长大，接触相同的环境，一只可能对摩托车产生强烈畏惧，或对微波炉的叮声感到恐惧，而另一只可能就很正常。

So one thing that people ask me pretty frequently:  有件事很多人经常问我：

Is this just an instance of humans driving other animals crazy? 会不会是因为人类把动物逼疯了？

Or, is animal mental illness just a result of mistreatment or abuse?  或者，动物的精神问题 是被虐待的结果？

And it turns out we're actually so much more complicated than that. 而事实其实比这更复杂。

So one great thing that has happened to me is recently I published a book on this,and every day now that I open my email or when I go to a reading or even when I go to a cocktail⁹ party,  最近我遇到的一件好事。自从出版了这方面的书之后我每天打开电子邮箱或者去一些读书会又只是或者去一些酒会，

people tell me their stories of the animals that they have met.  人们都爱告诉我他们见过的动物的故事。

And recently, I did a reading in California,and a woman raised her hand after the talk and she said,Dr. Braitman, I think my cat has PTSD.  最近，我在加州去了一个读书会，然后在结束时 一个女人举起手 告诉我布莱曼博士，我觉得我的猫患有创伤后症候群。

And I said, Well, why? Tell me a little bit about it.  然后我就说：嗯，怎么说？多告诉我一点。

So, Ping is her cat. She was a rescue,and she used to live with an elderly man,and one day the man was vacuuming and he suffered a heart attack, and he died. 她的猫叫萍。她是被救出来的，她之前跟一位老人家住在一起，而一天那个人就在吸尘然后他突然心脏病发，过世了。

A week later, Ping was discovered in the apartment alongside the body of her owner, and the vacuum had been running the entire time.  一个星期后，人们在公寓里被发现萍在她主人的尸体旁，而吸尘器就这么一直开着。

For many months, up to I think two years after that incident, she was so scared she couldn't be in the house when anyone was cleaning.  很多个月之后，直到事发后整整两年每次家里有人在做卫生她都非常惊恐，不能呆在家。

She was quite literally¹⁰ a scaredy cat.  是一只名副其实的胆小猫。

She would hide in the closet.  她会躲在衣橱里。

She was un-self-confident and shaky, but with the loving support of her family, a lot of a time, and their patience. 她不自信，全身发抖，但那家人付出了爱，时间和耐心。

now, three years later, she's actually a happy, confident cat.  现在，三年后它变成一只自信又幸福的猫。

1 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

2 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 gnaw   

v.不断地啃、咬；使苦恼，折磨

参考例句：

• Dogs like to gnaw on a bone.狗爱啃骨头。
• A rat can gnaw a hole through wood.老鼠能啃穿木头。

4 soothe   

v.安慰；使平静；使减轻；缓和；奉承

参考例句：

• I've managed to soothe him down a bit.我想方设法使他平静了一点。
• This medicine should soothe your sore throat.这种药会减轻你的喉痛。

5 canine   

adj.犬的，犬科的

参考例句：

• The fox is a canine animal.狐狸是犬科动物。
• Herbivorous animals have very small canine teeth,or none.食草动物的犬牙很小或者没有。

6 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

7 hop   

n.单脚跳，跳跃；vi.单脚跳，跳跃；着手做某事；vt.跳跃，跃过

参考例句：

• The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest.孩子们举行比赛，看谁单足跳跃最快。
• How long can you hop on your right foot?你用右脚能跳多远？

8 debilitating   

a.使衰弱的

参考例句：

• The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
• You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

9 cocktail   

n.鸡尾酒；餐前开胃小吃；混合物

参考例句：

• We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
• At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上，人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。

10 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。