中级美国英语 第七课

一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们要学习动词的简单过去式, 看看在叙述过去发生的事情的时候动词有什么样的变化.现在我们先来听一段会话, 内容是说彼得和他的同学玛丽谈论他们去年的暑假作了些什么事情. 这段会话里用的动词大多数是简单过去式, 请你特别注意听,同时也要注意英文老师的发音和语调.

M: Where did¹ you go during² vacation³?
F: I didn't go anywhere⁴. I stayed home.
M: Did you work?
F: No, I took⁵ two courses⁶ in summer school.
M: Why did you do that?
F: Because I wanted to get ahead⁷ a little.
M: How were those courses?
F: They were interesting and I met a lot of people.
M: You were very busy then.
F: Yes, I enjoyed the summer very much.

现在我请英文老师用慢速度再把刚才那段会话念一遍.

M: Where did you go during vacation?
F: I didn't go anywhere. I stayed home.
M: Did you work?
F: No, I took two courses in summer school.
M: Why did you do that?
F: Because I wanted to get ahead a little.
M: How were those courses?
F: They were interesting and I met a lot of people.
M: You were very busy then.
F: Yes, I enjoyed the summer very much.

在刚才那段会话里, 用了许多过去式动词, 现在我请英文老师再把那些句子挑选几个出来, 用慢速度念一遍给你听.

M: Where did you go during vacation?
F: I stayed home.
F: I took two courses in summer school.
F: I wanted to get ahead a little.
M: How were those courses?
F: I met a lot of people.
F: I enjoyed the summer very much.

二. 规则动词的过去式

听了刚才那段会话,你或许已经注意到了英文动词分为规则动词和不规则动词.规则动词的过去式就是: 在现在式动词后面加上 e-d, 比方: "停留" stay, s-t-a-y,stay, "要" want, w-a-n-t, want, 都是这类动词. 下面我们用这些过去式动词作句子.下面这些句子叙述玛丽去年夏天作的事.每个句子我们念两遍, 请你听一遍, 跟着重复一遍:

M: Mary stayed home last summer.
F: Mary stayed home last summer.
M: Mary enjoyed going⁸ to summer school.
F: Mary enjoyed going to summer school.
M: Mary traveled¹⁰ to interesting places.
F: Mary traveled to interesting places.
M: Mary visited her friends.
F: Mary visited her friends.

下面这些句子叙述彼得去年夏天的活动. 还是请你听一遍, 跟着重复一遍.

M: Peter worked at a gasoline¹¹ station.
F: Peter worked at a gasoline station.
M: Peter repaired¹² cars.
F: Peter repaired cars.
M: Peter saved¹⁴ a lot of money.
F: Peter saved a lot of money.
M: Peter helped his father.
F: Peter helped his father.

下面我们来作换字练习. 练习的内容都是说玛丽昨天晚上作了什么事, 比方她弹吉他, 学法文等等. 首先由老师念一个句子, 然后老师给你一个新词组, 请你把新词组代换到原来的句子里. 每作完一句就请你听正确的答案.

M: Mary played guitar last night.
M: listened to the radio
F: Mary listened to the radio last night.
M: washed dishes¹⁶
F: Mary washed dishes last night.
M: typed¹⁷ a letter
F: Mary typed a letter last night.
M: studied French¹⁸
F: Mary studied French last night.

下面一组代换练习叙述的是彼得昨天晚上的活动. 还是请你跟刚才一样练习.每作完一句就听我们的正确答案.

M: Peter talked to his father last night.
M: needed some money
F: Peter needed some money last night.
M: borrowed¹⁹ ten dollars
F: Peter borrowed ten dollars last night.
M: watched television²⁰
F: Peter watched television last night.
M: cleaned up his room
F: Peter cleaned up his room last night.

刚才我们练习了用规则动词过去式作肯定句, 现在我们看一看怎么样把那些句子变成问句. 在把过去式句子变成问句的时候要用 did, d-i-d, did 开头. 请注意:用了did 之后, 句子里的主要动词保持现在式. 现在我们来作一组练习. 由老师用 did 开头作一些过去式的问句, 请学生作简短的答覆. 现在请你注意听.

M: Did Mary stay home last summer?
F: Yes, she did.
M: Did Mary enjoy going to summer school?
F: Yes, she did.
M: Did Mary work last summer?
F: No, she didn't.
M: Did Peter work at a gasoline station?
F: Yes, he did.
M: Did Peter travel⁹ last summer?
F: No, he didn't.
M: Did Peter save¹³ a lot of money last summer?
F: Yes, he did.

现在我们换一个方式作练习. 由老师以过去式动词作一个陈述句, 请学生用did跟老师提出的新主词把原来的句子改成问句; 然后学生再用 didn't 作否定的答覆. 首先我们要举个例子:

M: Peter watched television last weekend.
M: Mary
F: Did Mary watch television last weekend?
F: No, she didn't watch.

现在我们开始. 请你在学生作练习的时候也跟着作.

M: Peter watched television last weekend.
M: Mary
F: Did Mary watch television last weekend?
F: No, she didn't watch.
M: Mary listened to the radio last night.
M: Peter
F: Did Peter listen to the radio last night?
F: No, he didn't listen.
M: Henry worked in the office yesterday.
M: Nancy
F: Did Nancy work in the office yesterday?
F: No, she didn't work.
M: Kate cooked last night.
M: Henry
F: Did Henry cook last night?
F: No, he didn't cook.

三.不规则动词的过去式

学完了规则动词过去式, 现在我们来学比较难一点儿的, 也就是不规则动词. 我们给你举一些例子, 男老师念现在式动词, 接着女老师念过去式动词. 请你注意听. 现在我们开始:
.　　M 　　　F
作 　do 　　did
吃 　eat　　ate²¹
给 　give　 gave²²
去 　go 　　went
有 　have 　had²³
制作 make 　made²⁴
遇到 meet 　met
看见 see　　saw²⁵
卖 　sell 　sold²⁶
坐 　sit　　sat²⁷
花费 spend　spent
拿 　take 　took

好了, 现在我们来作换字练习. 练习的内容都是说彼得昨天在学校作了什么事.比方: 他发表了演说; 跟玛丽吃了午饭等等. 每作完一句就请你听正确答案.

M: Peter went to school yesterday.
M: saw Mary in school
F: Peter saw Mary in school yesterday.
M: met a lot of friends
F: Peter met a lot of friends yesterday.
M: made a speech²⁸
F: Peter made a speech yesterday.
M: ate lunch with Mary
F: Peter ate lunch with Mary yesterday.
M: had a cup of coffee
F: Peter had a cup of coffee yesterday.
M: sat next to Mary in the library
F: Peter sat next to Mary in the library yesterday.
M: sold two books
F: Peter sold two books yesterday.
M: took Mary home
F: Peter took Mary home yesterday.
M: gave Mary a ride
F: Peter gave Mary a ride yesterday.

在下面一组练习里, 老师用did 作一个过去式的问句,请学生作肯定的答覆.别忘了,在作肯定答覆的时侯, 必须把现在式动词改成过去式. 好,现在我们开始. 请你在学生作练习的时候也跟着作.

M: Did Peter spend some money yesterday?
F: Yes, he spent some money yesterday
M: Did Mary meet a lot of friends in summer school?
F: Yes, she met a lot of friends in summer school.
M: Did Peter go to school yesterday?
F: Yes, he went to school yesterday.
M: Did Mary sit next to Peter in class yesterday?
F: Yes, she sat next to Peter in class yesterday.
M: Did Peter eat lunch yesterday?
F: Yes, he ate lunch yesterday.
M: Did Mary have an exam²⁹ yesterday?
F: Yes, she had an exam yesterday.
M: Did Henry make a fancy³⁰ dish¹⁵ last week?
F: Yes, he made a fancy dish last week.
M: Did Henry give Nancy a ride to the drugstore last week?
F: Yes, he gave Nancy a ride to the drugstore last week.
M: Did Henry take Nancy home last week?
F: Yes, he took Nancy home last week.
M: Did Nancy see a doctor last week?
F: Yes, she saw a doctor last week.

四.听短文回答问题

首先请你听一段文章, 内容是说彼得和玛丽去年暑假里各作了些什么事,比方玛丽上了暑期学校, 又跟家里人去旅行了;彼得呢在加油站工作, 给人修车, 存了不少钱作大学学费等等.现在老师先用自然速度念一遍给你听.

Most American school students have a long summer vacation. It is usually from June to September. During this vacation, students often travel or have summer jobs. Some students take courses in summer school. Mary spent her last summer in summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Mary's friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and repaired cars. He made a lot of money and saved nearly³¹ all of it. Peter is going to the university³² next year. He needs money for the university tuition³³.

等一会儿, 我再请英文老师把整段文章用慢速度念一遍. 现在我们先把今天测验的三个问题念给你听.

第一个问题是:
M: What do American students do in the summer vacation?

第二个问题是:
M: What did Mary do last summer?

第三个问题是:
M: Why did Peter save nearly all of his money?

下面我请英文老师再把整段文章用慢速度念一遍, 请你特别注意刚才三个问题的答案.

Most American school students have a long summer vacation. It is usually from June to September. During this vacation, students often travel or have summer jobs. Some students take courses in summer school. Mary spent her last summer in summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Mary's friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and repaired cars. He made a lot of money and saved nearly all of it. Peter is going to the university next year. He needs money for the university tuition.

好, 现在请你回答问题. 回答之后, 老师会念出正确的答案, 你自己比较一下, 看答对了没有.

第一个问题是:
M: What do American students do in the summer vacation?
F: They travel,have summer jobs or take summer courses in summer school.

第二个问题是:
M: What did Mary do last summer?
F: She studied two courses in summer school and traveled with her family.

第三个问题是:
M: Why did Peter save nearly all of his money?
F: He did it because he needs money for the university tuition.

1 did   

v.动词do的过去式

参考例句：

• How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？
• Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？

2 during   

prep.在…期间，在…时候

参考例句：

• What did you do with yourself during the summer holidays?暑假你是怎样度过的？
• London is full of visitors during May and June.五六月间伦敦挤满了游客。

3 vacation   

n.假期，休假；vi.度假

参考例句：

• I'll take a vacation this weekend.这个周末我要休假。
• The vacation passed away quickly.假期过得很快。

4 anywhere   

adv.无论何处，什么地方

参考例句：

• You can go anywhere you like.你可以去任何你想去的地方。
• You will find the text anywhere in the Bible.你可在《圣经》某处找到这段经文。

5 took   

vt.带，载(take的过去式)

参考例句：

• I took my dog for a walk along the river.我带着狗沿那条河散步。
• It took me about two hours to cook the meat.我花了大约两个小时来煮这些肉。

6 courses   

n.课程，路线；前进( course的名词复数 )；进程；课程；方针

参考例句：

• Certain courses are compulsory, others are optional. 某些课程是必修的，其他是选修的。
• All main courses come with salad or vegetables. 所有主菜都配有色拉或蔬菜。

7 ahead   

adv.在前，向前，提前，在前面

参考例句：

• We have to go ahead to find a garage.我们得到前边找个修车厂。
• Youth looks ahead and age backward.青年人向前看，老年人向后看。

8 going   

n.去，离去，地面(或道路)的状况，工作情况；(复数形式）goings: 行为；adj.进行中的，流行的，现存的

参考例句：

• We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
• He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。

9 travel   

n.旅行，游历，进行；vi.旅行，行进，移动，被传播；vt.旅行，通行于，使移动

参考例句：

• We can now travel by air.现在我们可以坐飞机旅行。
• Autumn is the best season for travel.秋天是旅行的最好季节。

10 traveled   

adj.富有旅行经验的；旅客多的；旅客使用的；旅客常到的

参考例句：

• As we traveled together, we started to grow apart. 我们在一起旅行的时候产生了隔阂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Previous to that, we had traveled by car to Paris. 在那之前，我们坐车去了巴黎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 gasoline   

n.(美)汽油

参考例句：

• This car runs 5 miles on a gallon of gasoline.这部汽车一加仑汽油可以行驶五英里。
• There is still some gasoline left in the tank.油箱里还剩下一些汽油。

12 repaired   

v.纠正( repair的过去式和过去分词 )；补救

参考例句：

• My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired. 我的自行车现在不能用，因为正在修理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had repaired my kettle, and It'saved my buying a new one. 他把我的水壶修好了，省得我再买一个新的了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 save   

n.救援，救球，节约；v.解救，保存，节省；prep.除...之外

参考例句：

• Why didn't you save me?你为什么不救我？
• We have to save old newspapers.我们得保存旧报纸。

14 saved   

v.拯救( save的过去式和过去分词 )；收集；保留；避免

参考例句：

• They scrimped and saved to give the children a good education. 他们省吃俭用，为的是攒钱让孩子受到良好的教育。
• She had saved a few titbits for her cat. 她给猫留了点好吃的东西。

15 dish   

n.盘子；一样菜，一道菜；vt.上菜

参考例句：

• Did you break the whole dish?盘子被你打碎了？
• This dish is very delicious.这道菜味道鲜美。

16 dishes   

n.盘( dish的名词复数 )；餐具；一盘食物；外貌有吸引力的人

参考例句：

• a pile of unwashed dishes 一堆未洗的碟子
• The dishes were many, but they were all poorly cooked. 菜很多，但烧得都不好吃。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 typed   

v.打字( type的过去式和过去分词 )；[医学]测定（血型）；按类型把…归类；成为…的典型

参考例句：

• He had all the words he needed typed out and well rehearsed. 他把需要说的话都打了出来，并且反复练习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He deftly folded the typed sheets and replaced them in the envelope. 他灵巧地将打有字的纸折好重新放回信封。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 French   

adj.法国(人)的，法语的；n.法语；vt.剁肉，蔬菜切成长条

参考例句：

• She reads French quite well,but doesn't speak it.她法语的阅读能力相当强，但不会讲。
• The only French city she enjoyed was Paris.巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。

19 borrowed   

adj.借来的

参考例句：

• I feel honor bound to repay the money I borrowed. 我觉得有责任归还我借的钱。
• I have left the watch as pledge for borrowed money. 我留下这块手表作为借款的抵押物。

20 television   

n.电视(机) [=TV]

参考例句：

• Do you often watch television?你经常看电视吗？
• Please turn off the television.请把电视关上。

21 ate   

v.吃，eat的过去式

参考例句：

• I ate a whole box of chocolates.我吃了一整盒巧克力。
• It's a long time since she ate out last time.她很长一段时间没在外面吃饭了。

22 gave   

vbl.（give的过去式）给予，产生，发表

参考例句：

• He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱，我给了他一些。
• I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。

23 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

24 made   

v.make的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
• The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。

25 saw   

vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯

参考例句：

• Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
• The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。

26 sold   

v.动词sell的过去式、过去分词

参考例句：

• John's house was sold to a Frenchman.约翰的房子卖给了一个法国人。
• This kind of books is sold by all booksellers.所有的书商都出售这种书。

27 sat   

v.（sit的过去式，过去分词）坐

参考例句：

• He sat on a chair.他坐在椅子上。
• The mother sat by the sick child all night long.妈妈整夜守在生病的孩子身旁。

28 speech   

n.讲话，演说

参考例句：

• I did not lose a word of his speech.他的演说我没有听漏一个字。
• We were listening in to the Prime Minister's speech.我们正在收音机旁听首相的广播演说。

29 exam   

n.(=examination)检查；考试

参考例句：

• I hope to pass this exam.我希望通过这次考试。
• His exam results were good.他的测验成绩不错。

30 fancy   

n.想像力，幻想；喜好，爱；adj.想像的，时髦的，华丽装饰的，奢侈的；技巧的；vt.想象，自认为，喜好

参考例句：

• He seemed to have taken quite a fancy to her.他似乎相当喜欢她。
• I have a fancy that it's going to rain.我想大概要下雨。

31 nearly   

adv.将近，几乎，差不多

参考例句：

• I nearly missed the bus.我险些错过了公交车。
• It is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了。

32 university   

n.大学

参考例句：

• She teaches English at the University of Wales.她在威尔士大学教英语。
• I'm going to enter a university.我要上大学。

33 tuition   

n.（某一学科的）教学，讲授，指导，学费

参考例句：

• Students can apply for individual tuition.学生可以申请个别指导。
• Is this money enough for the tuition fee?这些钱交学费够吗？