中级美国英语 第三十七课

一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们学习动词加上宾语再加上动词的用法. 比方 "让我试试"Let me try, "看他吃" Watch him eat 等等. 我们还要学习许多跟电视节目有关系的词汇. 现在我们先来听今天这一课的对话, 内容是说彼得跟玛丽谈起了在家里头看电视的事情. 请你注意听两位英语文老师的发音和语调.

M: Mary, did you see the special on TV last night?
F: No. My folks wouldn't let me watch it. They wanted to watch something else.
M: What did they have you watch?
F: We watched the hockey team play their first game of the season. Dad wanted to see it.
M: I heard they won the game. Did you see them make the winning goal?
F: I saw them make it, but hockey doesn't excite me very much. What about the special?
M: It was great! It was on physical fitness and better health. It made me want to be more
　 active. It convinced me to watch less television.

现在两位英文老师用慢速度再把整段对话念一遍.

M: Mary, did you see the special on TV last night?
F: No. My folks wouldn't let me watch it. They wanted to watch something else.
M: What did they have you watch?
F: We watched the hockey team play their first game of the season. Dad wanted to see it.
M: I heard they won the game. Did you see them make the winning goal?
F: I saw them make it, but hockey doesn't excite me very much. What about the special?
M: It was great! It was on physical fitness and better health. It made me want to be more
　 active. It convinced me to watch less television.

下面我把包含了今天要学的语法的句子挑出来, 请英文老师再念一遍给你听.

F: My folks wouldn't let me watch it.
M: What did they have you watch?
F: We watched the hockey team play their first game of the season.
F: I saw them make it.
M: It made me want to be more active.

二.动词加宾语再加动词

听了上面那些句子后, 你可能已经注意到在英文里有些动词后面可以加上宾语再加上另外一个动词. 这些动词包括let, l-e-t, let, have, h-a-v-e, have, watch,w-a-t-c-h, watch, see, s-e-e, see, hear, h-e-a-r, hear, make, m-a-k-e,make, help, h-e-l-p, help 等等. 下面老师念两个句子让你作个比较. 第一个句子是 "他不准我看电视." He won't allow me to watch television. 第二个句子是 "他不让我看电视."He won't let me watch television. 在第一个句子里, allow me后面必须加上 to 再加上 watch; 而第二个句子里只需要说 let me watch 就行了. 下面我们作一组练习比较这两种说法. 练习的内容都是跟玛丽的父母不准或是不让她看什么电视节目有关系. 在这组练习里你还可以学到不同种 类电视节目的名称, 比方 "有残暴镜头的节目" violent programs, "匪徒电影" gangster¹ movies, "恐怖电影" horror films, "晚间电影" late movies, "爱情连续剧" soap operas, "游戏节目" game shows 等等. 现在请你注意听男老师用allow 作句子,并且跟着女老师改用 let 把句子说出来.

M: Mary's parents wouldn't allow her to watch some T.V. programs.
F: Mary's parents wouldn't let her watch some T.V.programs.
M: They wouldn't allow her to watch violent programs.
F: They wouldn't let her watch violent programs.
M: They wouldn't allow her to watch gangster movies.
F: They wouldn't let her watch gangster movies.
M: They wouldn't allow her to watch horror films.
F: They wouldn't let her watch horror films.
M: They wouldn't allow her to watch late movies.
F: They wouldn't let her watch late movies.
M: They wouldn't allow her to watch soap operas.
F: They wouldn't let her watch soap operas.
M: They wouldn't allow her to watch game shows.
F: They wouldn't let her watch game shows.

下面我们用代换练习的方式学学 have, h-a-v-e, have 加上宾语再加上其他动词的说法. 练习的内容都是说到玛丽的父母要她看什么电视节目, 比方 "新闻特写" news features, "记录片" documentaries, "杂耍节目" variety shows, "总统新闻记者招待会" presidential news conferences, "竞选报道" election coverage², "现场转播节目" televised programs 等等.请你跟着老师把第一个句子重复一遍, 然后把老师提出的词组代换到原来的句子里, 每作完一句, 老师会把句子再念一遍给你听.现在我们开始.

M: Mary's folks have her watch news.
M: news features
F: Mary's folks have her watch news features.
M: sports
F: Mary's folks have her watch sports.
M: science programs
F: Mary's folks have her watch science programs.
M: documentaries
F: Mary's folks have her watch documentaries.
M: variety shows
F: Mary's folks have her watch variety shows.
M: presidential news conferences
F: Mary's folks have her watch presidential news conferences.
M: election coverage
F: Mary's folks have her watch election coverage.
M: televised programs
F: Mary's folks have her watch televised programs.

在下面一组练习里,我们一方面复习刚才那些新词汇, 一方面比较 "鼓励她看"encourage her to watch 跟 "叫她看" make her watch 这两种说法. 练习的作法是老师说: Did they encourage her to watch news features? 学生就把句子改成 Did they make her watch news features? 学生作练习的时候请你也一起作.

M: Did they encourage her to watch news features?
F: Did they make her watch news features?
M: Did they encourage her to watch science programs?
F: Did they make her watch science programs?
M: Did they encourage her to watch educational programs?
F: Did they make her watch educational programs?
M: Did they encourage her to watch documentaries?
F: Did they make her watch documentaries?
M: Did they encourage her to watch variety shows?
F: Did they make her watch variety shows?
M: Did they encourage her to watch presidential news conferences?
F: Did they make her watch presidential news conferences?
M: Did they encourage her to watch election coverage?
F: Did they make her watch election coverage?
M: Did they encourage her to watch televised programs?
F: Did they make her watch televised programs?

在刚才那组练习里, 我们练习了语法也学到了一些电视节目的名称, 在美国,人们看电视的时候很喜欢看体育报道. 下面一组练习的内容就是说到观众能在电视上看到什么样的体育报道,比方可以看到运动员比赛, 领奖, 接受访问,作广告等等.这组练习里有些词汇可能你不熟,比方: "银杯" trophies³, "评论员"
commentators⁴,"访问" interview, "广告" commercials, "推荐" recommend 等等,请你特别注意听. 练习的作法是老师先念下面 一个句子: Audiences can see athletes compete. 你就跟着重复一遍,接着老师念一个从句,比方: athletes win competitions 你就用这个从句把原来的句子改成: Audiences can see athletes win competitions. 现在我们开始作练习,每作完一句老师会把正确答案念给你听.

M: Audiences can see athletes compete.
M: people cheer their favorite athletes
F: Audiences can see people cheer their favorite athletes.
M: athletes receive trophies
F: Audiences can see athletes receive trophies.
M: commentators interview athletes
F: Audiences can see commentators interview athletes.
M: athletes do commercials
F: Audiences can see athletes do commercials.
M: athletes recommend sports products
F: Audiences can see athletes recommend sports products.

除了体育报道之外, 美国人对总统召开的记者招待会也非常注意, 下面一组练习的内容是说彼得问玛丽有没有在电视上看到总统在记者会上回答各种问题的实况. 现在请你注意听彼得问问题, 并且替玛丽作肯定的答覆. 每回答一句就请你听玛丽念正确答案.

M: Did you hear the president talk about Middle-East situations?
F: Yes, I heard him talk about Middle-East situations.
M: Did you hear the president talk about political issues?
F: Yes, I heard him talk about political issues.
M: Did you hear the president talk about agricultural achievements?
F: Yes, I heard him talk about agricultural achievements.
M: Did you hear the president talk about arms reduction talks?
F: Yes, I heard him talk about arms reduction talks.
M: Did you hear the president talk about the nuclear weapons negotiation⁵?
F: Yes, I heard him talk about the nuclear weapons negotiation.

三.听短文回答问题

今天我们要听一篇介绍美国电视的文章. 这篇文章除了谈到看电视是美国人很喜欢的娱乐活动以外, 还介绍了美国的几家主要电视台. 现在请你注意听.

The most common form of entertainment in the U.S. is television. Nearly everyone watches
television at some regular time in their daily lives, whether in the morning, at night or on
weekends.
Most families have color televisions and many have more than one set. Since its
beginning, the television industry in the U.S. has been controlled by three companies.
Those companies have formed networks of television stations in cities across the country.
Each station televises its company's television programs.
The three national networks are ABC, American Broadcasting Company, CBS, Columbia
Broadcasting System and NBC, National Broadcasting Company. Each network has news
features, dramatic presentations,comedies and sports events. Each network competes for
a larger percentage of the television audience by trying to present programs with wide
popular appeal. The programs are financed by advertising⁶.
Companies pay the television networks to display their products on television. The more
popular a program, the higher the network can charge a company for commercials during
the program.
There is also a public television network. It has no commercials. Instead it receives
financial support from the government, some private corporations and individual donations.
Recently, a new type of television network has been gaining popularity. These networks
are called cable television. Cable television companies sell television programing directly
to the public. The viewer pays a monthly fee to the company. The company installs
a special line to his television set to receive the programs which he has paid the company
to watch.

刚才那篇文章如果你没有全部听懂, 没有关系,等一会儿老师会再念一遍给你听. 现在我们先把今天测验的三个问题听一遍.

第一个问题是:
M: What are the three major television networks in the U.S.A.?

第二个问题是:
M: Who supports the public television network?

第三个问题是:
M: How do viewers receive programs from cable television companies?

现在我们听老师用慢速度再把整篇文章念一遍.

The most common form of entertainment in the U.S. is television. Nearly everyone watches
television at some regular time in their daily lives, whether in the morning, at night or on
weekends.
Most families have color televisions and many have more than one set. Since its
beginning, the television industry in the U.S. has been controlled by three companies.
Those companies have formed networks of television stations in cities across the country.
Each station televises its company's television programs.
The three national networks are ABC, American Broadcasting Company, CBS, Columbia
Broadcasting System and NBC, National Broadcasting Company. Each network has news
features, dramatic presentations,comedies and sports events. Each network competes for
a larger percentage of the television audience by trying to present programs with wide
popular appeal. The programs are financed by advertising.
Companies pay the television networks to display their products on television. The more
popular a program, the higher the network can charge a company for commercials during
the program.
There is also a public television network. It has no commercials. Instead it receives
financial support from the government, some private corporations and individual donations.
Recently, a new type of television network has been gaining popularity. These networks
are called cable television. Cable television companies sell television programing directly
to the public. The viewer pays a monthly fee to the company. The company installs
a special line to his television set to receive the programs which he has paid the company
to watch.

现在请你回答下面三个问题, 你回答以后, 老师会念出正确答案让你作个比较, 看你答对了没有.

第一个问题是:
M: What are the three major television networks in the U.S.?
F: They are ABC, CBS and NBC.

第二个问题是:
M: Who supports the public television network?
F: The government, some private corporations and individuals support the public
　 television network.

第三个问题是:
M: How do viewers receive programs from cable television companies?
F: They pay a monthly fee to the cable television companies.

1 gangster   

n.匪徒，歹徒，暴徒

参考例句：

• The gangster's friends bought off the police witness.那匪徒的朋友买通了警察方面的证人。
• He is obviously a gangster,but he pretends to be a saint.分明是强盗，却要装圣贤。

2 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

3 trophies   

n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖

参考例句：

• His football trophies were prominently displayed in the kitchen. 他的足球奖杯陈列在厨房里显眼的位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The hunter kept the lion's skin and head as trophies. 这猎人保存狮子的皮和头作为纪念品。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 commentators   

n.评论员( commentator的名词复数 )；时事评论员；注释者；实况广播员

参考例句：

• Sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 体育解说员翻来覆去说着同样的词语，真叫人腻烦。
• Television sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 电视体育解说员说来说去就是那么几句话，令人厌烦。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

6 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。