背诵为王 第 四 册 第 44 课

Lesson44 Can War Be Abolished?
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancientinstitution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was alwayswicked and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to livewith it. Modern ingenuity¹ has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, orwar will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause thegravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long,offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons,our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded inabolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look uponinternational questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which thevictory goes to the side which is most skilful² in massacre³, but byarbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy tochange age-old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption⁵ of this or that ideology⁶ wouldprevent war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies⁷ are basedupon dogmatic assertions which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totallyfalse. Their adherents⁹ believe in them so fanatically that they are willingto go to war in support of them.

ingenuity 机灵；独创性
bacteriological 细菌的
massacre 屠杀
arbitration⁴ 仲裁
ideology 意识形态
dogmatic 教条的；独断的
assertion 主张；断言
adherent⁸ 信徒；追随者
fanatically 狂热地

战争能被废除吗？
有没有可能说服人类放弃战争而生存？战争是一种古老的制度，至少已经存在了六千年。战争总是邪恶的，且通常是荒谬的，但在过去人类还是努力地与之共存。现代人的智慧已经改变了这一切。要么人类废除战争，要么战争毁掉人类。现在引发极度危险的是核武器，但不久后生物或化学武器会带来更严重的威胁。如果成功销毁核武器，我们的工作还未完成。直到我们成功地废除了战争，这一任务才算完成。为了废除战争，我们需要说服人类用新的方式看待国际问题，不是将其视为武力的竞赛，赢家是最擅长屠杀的一方，而是依照大家约定的法则来仲裁解决。改变古老的思维习惯不易，但这是必须要尝试的。
有些人认为采用这种或那种意识形态会防止战争的发生。我认为这是个严重的错误。所有的意识形态都是以武断的主张为基础的，往好里说，这些意识形态令人生疑，往坏里说，是完全错误的。追随者对其如此狂热的信奉，以至于为了支持它们而愿意去发动战争。

1 ingenuity   

n.别出心裁；善于发明创造

参考例句：

• The boy showed ingenuity in making toys.那个小男孩做玩具很有创造力。
• I admire your ingenuity and perseverance.我钦佩你的别出心裁和毅力。

2 skilful   

(=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的

参考例句：

• The more you practise,the more skilful you'll become.练习的次数越多，熟练的程度越高。
• He's not very skilful with his chopsticks.他用筷子不大熟练。

3 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

4 arbitration   

n.调停，仲裁

参考例句：

• The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

5 adoption   

n.采用，采纳，通过；收养

参考例句：

• An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
• The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

6 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

7 ideologies   

n.思想（体系）( ideology的名词复数 )；思想意识；意识形态；观念形态

参考例句：

• There is no fundamental diversity between the two ideologies. 这两种思想意识之间并没有根本的分歧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Radical ideologies require to contrast to their own goodness the wickedness of some other system. 凡是过激的意识形态，都需要有另外一个丑恶的制度作对比，才能衬托出自己的善良。 来自辞典例句

8 adherent   

n.信徒，追随者，拥护者

参考例句：

• He was most liberal where money would bring him a powerful or necessary political adherent.在金钱能够收买一个干练的或者必需的政治拥护者的地方，他是最不惜花钱的。
• He's a pious adherent of Buddhism.他是一位虔诚的佛教徒。

9 adherents   

n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙

参考例句：

• He is a leader with many adherents. 他是个有众多追随者的领袖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The proposal is gaining more and more adherents. 该建议得到越来越多的支持者。 来自《简明英汉词典》