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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
2004年6月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案
Part I Listening Comprehension
(20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:
You will hear:
You will read:
A) At the office.
B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1.
A) The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.
B) The woman had forgotten Mark's phone number.
C) The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.
D) Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.
2.
A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.
B) The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.
C) The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.
D) The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.
3.
A) At 10:30.
B) At 10:25.
C) At 10:40.
D) At 10:45.
4.
A) The man no longer smokes.
B) The man is under pressure from his wife.
C) The man usually follows his wife's advice.
D) The man refuses to listen to his doctor's advice.
5.
A) Move to a big city.
B) Become a teacher.
C) Go back to school.
D) Work in New York.
6.
A) Quit delivering flowers.
B) Work at a restaurant.
C) Bring her flowers every day.
D) Leave his job to work for her.
7.
A) She can find the right person to help the man.
B) She can help the man out.
C) She's also in need of a textbook.
D) She picked up the book from the bus floor.
8.
A) The man was confused about the date of the appointment.
B) The man wants to change the date of the appointment.
C) The man is glad he's got in touch with the doctor.
D) The man can't come for the appointment at 4:15.
9.
A) The two speakers are at a loss what to do.
B) The man is worried about his future.
C) The two speakers are seniors at college.
D) The woman regrets spending her time idly.
10.
A) She has learned a lot from the novel.
B) She also found the plot difficult to follow.
C) She usually has difficulty remembering names.
D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.
Section B Compound Dictation
The Library of Congress is America’s national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, (S1) publications as well as letters of (S2) interest. It also has maps, photographs, art (S3) , movies, sound recordings1 and musical (S4) . All together, it has more than 100 million objects.
The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, except for public holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is (S5) to take books out of the building.
The Library of Congress was (S6) in 1800. It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol Building. By 1814, the collection had increased to about 3,000 books. They were all (S7) that year when the Capitol was burned down during America’s war with Britain.
To help re-build the library, Congress bought the books of President Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Jefferson’s collection included 7,000 books in seven languages.
(S8) . Today, three buildings hold the library’s collection.
(S9) . It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets materials through its copyright office. (S10) . This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious2 ( 勤勤恳恳的 ) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement3. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling4—to "play the game."
"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives5 from the word 'polite'. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return."
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis," says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion6, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's simple human nature."
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
11. "Office politics" (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to .
A) the code of behavior for company staff
B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
D) the various qualities required for a successful career
12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but .
A) give his boss a good impression
B) honest and loyal to his company
C) get along well with his colleagues
D) avoid being too outstanding
13. Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line 4, Para. 5)?
A) They believe that doing so is impractical8.
B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.
14. The author considers office politics to be .
A) unwelcome at the workplace
B) bad for interpersonal relationships
C) indispensable to the development of company culture
D) an important factor for personal advancement
15. It is the author's view that .
A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
C) hard work contributes very little to one's promotion
D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.
"The Constitution," said the association's spokesman, "gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn't spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves."
"Don't you think it's dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?"
"The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in a drawer."
"Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody."
The spokesman said, "Hydrogen bombs don't kill people—people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent9 effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they're going to think twice about breaking in."
"But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者)."
"Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns."
16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to .
A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
B) coordinate10 the mass production of the destructive weapon
C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home
D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon
17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that .
A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer
B) most people don't know how to handle the weapon
C) people's lives will be threatened by the weapon
D) they may fall into the hands of criminals
18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it .
A) will frighten away any possible intruders
B) can show the special status of its owners
C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well
D) can kill those entering others' houses by force
19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that .
A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome
B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weapon
C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously
D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis
20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is .
A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy11: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering
work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled12 him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as "substandard". Stokoe's idea was academic heresy13 (异端邪说).
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation14 (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. "What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language is not mouth stuff—it's brain stuff."
21. The study of sign language is thought to be .
A) a new way to look at the learning of language
B) a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language
C) an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language
D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language
22. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated15 by .
A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain
B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts
C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf
D) some senior experts in American Sign Language
23. According to Stokoe, sign language is .
A) a substandard language
B) a genuine language
C) an artificial language
D) an international language
24. Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought .
A) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people
B) sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted
C) a language should be easy to use and understand
D) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds
25. Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that .
A) sign language is as efficient as any other language
B) sign language is derived16 from natural language
C) language is a system of meaningful codes
D) language is a product of the brain
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip co Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross's campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines18. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her."
The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines". And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon19 (乱放炮的人).”
The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: "This is a distraction20 (干扰) we do not need. All I'm trying to do is help."
Opposition21 parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment22 for the government.
To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding."
For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.
26. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 .
A) to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
B) to clarify the British government's stand on landmines
C) to investigate the sufferings of landmine17 victims there
D) to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
27. What did Diana mean when she said "... putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me" (Line 5, Para.1)?
A) She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
B) The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
C) Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
D) Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.
28. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because .
A) she was ill-informed of the government's policy
B) they were actually opposed to banning landmines
C) she had not consulted the government before the visit
D) they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
29. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A) She paid no attention to them.
B) She made more appearances on TV.
C) She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
D) She rose to argue with her opponents.
30. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A) It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B) It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
C) It had greatly promoted her popularity.
D) It had affected23 her relations with the British government.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. I went along thinking of nothing ______, only looking at things around me.
A) in particular
B) in harmony
C) in doubt
D) in brief
32. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising24 has ______ the quality of the programs.
A) lessened25
B) declined
C) affected
D) effected
33. I must congratulate you ______ the excellent design of the new bridge.
A) with
B) of
C) at
D) on
34. There is a fully26 ______ health center on the ground floor of the main office building.
A) installed
B) equipped
C) provided
D) projected
35. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that _____ from kindergartens to colleges.
A) move
B) shift
C) range
D) spread
36. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid27 that students can hardly bear it.
A) convention
B) confinement28
C) principle
D) discipline
37. The test results are beyond______; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.
A) negotiation29
B) conflict
C) bargain
D) dispute
38. I was so ______in today's history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.
A) amazed
B) neglected
C) confused
D) amused
39. It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.
A) presents
B) entitles
C) credits
D) tips
40. Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the movement of people from place to place.
A) barrier
B) fence
C) prevention
D) jam
41. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some ______ shops in the residential30 area.
A) flowing
B) drifting
C) mobile
D) unstable31
42. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then ______ it."
A) overtaking
B) enlarging
C) widening
D) exaggerating
43. This is not an economical way to get more water; ______, it is very expensive.
A) on the other hand
B) on the contrary
C) in short
D) or else
44. It was the first time that such a ______had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.
A) presentation
B) precaution
C) preparation
D) prediction
45. ______ that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.
A) Perceiving
B) Penetrating32
C) Puzzling
D) Preserving
46. The board of the company has decided33 to ______ its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.
A) multiply
B) lengthen34
C) expand
D) stretch
47. His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of his family life.
A) consumption
B) credit
C) exhaustion35
D) expense
48. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers.
A) identical
B) indispensable
C) intelligent
D) inevitable36
49. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ______mathematics, he is the best in the class.
A) comes to
B) comes up to
C) comes on to
D) comes around to
50. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ______ for smoking.
A) relief
B) revival37
C) substitute
D) succession
51. When carbon is added to iron in proper ______the result is steel.
A) rates
B) thicknesses
C) proportions
D) densities38
52. You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.
A) reserve
B) restrain
C) retain
D) replace
53. Nancy is only a sort of ______ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.
A) sample
B) reproduction
C) shadow
D) echo
54. Now that spring is here, you can ______ these fur coats till you need them again next winter.
A) put over
B) put away
C) put off
D) put down
55. There is a _____ of impatience39 in the tone of his voice.
A) hint
B) notion
C) dot
D) phrase
56. Please ______dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.
A) seek
B) inquire
C) search
D) consult
57. At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by ______ Charlie Chaplin.
A) copying
B) following
C) imitating
D) modeling
58. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ______.
A) failure
B) lack
C) absence
D) drop
59. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspects of urban planning.
A) inserts
B) grips
C) performs
D) embraces
60. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ______ that the audience couldn't help yawning.
A) tedious
B) bored
C) clumsy
D) tired
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It's the one 61 the teacher standing7 in the schoolroom door 62 goodbye to students for the summer and calling 63 them, "By the way, we won World War II."
The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's 64 funny. The recent surveys on 65 illiteracy40 (无知) are beginning to numb(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 66 which countries the United States 67 against in that war. One third have no 68 when the Declaration of Independence was 69 . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 70 the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 71 when they get the answers right, some are 72 guessing.
Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 73 connected to loss of international 74 . But it does affect our future 75 a democratic nation and as individuals.
The 76 news is that there is growing agreement 77 what is wrong with the 78 of history and what needs to be 79 to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的) 80 yet to be felt in most classrooms.
61.
A) about
B) in
C) for
D) by
62.
A) shaking
B) waving
C) nodding
D) speaking
63.
A) in
B) after
C) for
D) up
64.
A) rarely
B) so
C) too
D) not
65.
A) historical
B) educational
C) cultural
D) political
66.
A) distinguish
B) acknowledge
C) identify
D) convey
67.
A) defeated
B) attacked
C) fought
D) struck
68.
A) sense
B) doubt
C) reason
D) idea
69. A) printed
B) signed
C) marked
D) edited
70. A) place
B) judge
C) get
D) lock
71. A) Even
B) Though
C) Thus
D) So
72. A) hardly
B) just
C) still
D) ever
73. A) exclusively
B) practically
C) shortly
D) directly
74.
A) competitiveness
B) comprehension
C) community
D) commitment
75.
A) of
B) for
C) with
D) as
76.
A) fine
B) nice
C) surprising
D) good
77.
A) to
B) with
C) on
D) of
78.
A) consulting
B) coaching
C) teaching
D) instructing
79. A) done
B) dealt
C) met
D) reached
80. A) therefore
B) or
C) and
D) as
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
● some welcoming words
● the schedule for the day
● a description of the place the tourists will be visiting
(e.g. a scenic41 spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
答案：
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.D) Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time
2.C) The man is meeting the women on behalf of MR. Brown
3.C) at 10:40
4.A) The man no longer smokes
5.B) Become a teacher
6.D) Leave his job to work for her
7.B) She can help the man out
8.A) The man was confused about the date of the appointment.
9.C) The two speakers are seniors at college
10.B) She als0 found the plot difficult to follow.
Section B
S1. popular
S2. historical
S3. prints
S4. instruments
S5. permitted
S6. established
S7. destroyed
S8. In 1897, the library moved into its own building across the street from the Capitol
S9. The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries.
S10. Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension
11.C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
12.A) give his boss a good impression
13.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled
14.D) an important factor for personal advancement
15.B) self－promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
16.A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
17.C) people's lives will be threatened by the weapon
18.A) will frighten away any possible intruders
19.D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis
20.D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons
21.B) a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language
22.C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf
23.B) a genuine language
24.D) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds
25.D) language is a product of the brain
26.A) to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
27.D) Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation
28.B) they were actually opposed to banning landmines
29.A) She paid no attention to them
30.B) It had brought her closer to the ordinary people
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31.A) in particular
32.C) affected
33.D) on
34.B) equipped
35.C) range
36.D) discipline
37.D) dispute
38.C) confused
39.B) entitles
40.A) barrier
41.C) mobile
42.D) exaggerating
43.B) on the contrary
44.B) precaution
45.A) Perceiving
46.C) expand
47.D) expense
48.B) indispensable
49.A) comes to
50.C) substitute
51.C) proportions
52.B) restrain
53.D) echo
54.B) put away
55.A) hint
56 D) consult
57.C) imitating
58.A) failure
59.D) embraces
60.A) tedious
Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)
61.A) about
62.B) waving
63.B) after
64.D) not
65.A) historical
66.C) identify
67.C) fought
68.D) idea
69.B) signed
70.A) place
71.A) Even
72.B) just
73.D) directly
74.A) competitiveness
75.D) as
76.D) good
77.C) on
78.C) teaching
79.A) done
80.C) and
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
[参考范文]
A brief introduction to a tourist attraction
The following is schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.
Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying42 against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”.
Above is my introduction to the Great Wall. If any of you have questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
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conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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derives
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| v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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promotion
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| n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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impractical
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| adj.不现实的，不实用的，不切实际的 | |
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deterrent
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| n.阻碍物，制止物；adj.威慑的，遏制的 | |
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coordinate
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| adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调 | |
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controversy
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| n.争论，辩论，争吵 | |
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enrolled
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| adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
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heresy
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| n.异端邪说；异教 | |
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modulation
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| n.调制 | |
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stimulated
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| a.刺激的 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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landmine
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| n.地雷 | |
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landmines
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| 潜在的冲突； 地雷，投伞水雷( landmine的名词复数 ) | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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distraction
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| n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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lessened
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| 减少的，减弱的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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negotiation
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| n.谈判，协商 | |
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residential
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| adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的 | |
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unstable
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| adj.不稳定的，易变的 | |
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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lengthen
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| vt.使伸长，延长 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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revival
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| n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振 | |
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38
densities
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| 密集( density的名词复数 )； 稠密； 密度（固体、液体或气体单位体积的质量）； 密度（磁盘存贮数据的可用空间） | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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illiteracy
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| n.文盲 | |
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scenic
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| adj.自然景色的，景色优美的 | |
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fortifying
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| 筑防御工事于( fortify的现在分词 )； 筑堡于； 增强； 强化（食品） | |
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