美国有线新闻 CNN 2013-02-23

 Welcome to CNN student news. Products beingpulled off shelves, authorities running investigations¹, some shoppersprotesting, all of it has to do with meat. Some packages that were labeled as100% beef were discovered to contain horse meat. Ireland, the UK, France,Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, the scandal² is affecting more than adozen European countries. The latest news is that Nestle, a mega food companyis pulling some of its products in Italy, Spain and France. It's also stoppingdeliveries of some products from a German supplier because traces of horse DNAwere found in the meat. But let's get the big question out of the way, willeating horse meat make you sick? British health officials say, no, the meatitself not a risk, but one concern is about a drug called "Bute",it's used on horses and it can cause some rare but serious health problems forhumans.

There is also a religious issue here, somereligions have dietary laws that restrict eating horse meat, since thesepackages were labeled incorrectly, and people might have eaten it withoutknowing. In countries, like France, China and Russia, eating horse meat iscommon. In others, like the United Kingdom, the idea is unthinkable. Would thiskind of thing change your eating of habits? On Twitter, Chris told me, Yes,there are not good circumstances I can think of where I'd willing to eat horse.Matt disagree, "Honestly, I wouldn't change my eating habits just for onesmall chance that I'll eat horse meat."

See if you can ID me? I'm a U.S state thatborders Canada; I have one of America's smallest populations. My southern neighborshares my part of my name and my capital city is Bismarck.

I'm North Dakota, and my name comes from anative American word, for friend.

You might expect North Dakota to gethammered with snow all winter, but on average, the state gets less snow thanthe state to the east or west of it. Then, there is this, a winter stormslammed part of the state last weekend. The I-reporter who sent this video insaid there were four to eight inches of snow and winds blowing through around50 miles per hour. The snow and fog made it harder for driver to see soofficials put out a travel alert³. They also warned drivers to watch out forsnow plows⁴ that were working to clear the road.

Weather is flying, and flying is weather, apilot named Bob Buck⁵ wrote that showing that the two things are always linked.That's why storms like the North Dakota blizzard⁶ or the recent nor easter onthe east coast always affect air travel. Flying may still be the safest way totravel, but there is a lot that goes into making it that way. Ayesha Durgaheeshows us what.

"Ladies and gentlemen, I'm,,,from the Atlantics,this is your captain."

And in flight forecast from the front ofthe plane.

"It was cloudy,, I'm and basic ofnortherly winds."

Once the seat bell sign is on, we can getby to enjoy a meal or a movie. Because the planes we fly in are designed tobattle the elements that can suddenly cross that paths.

"There is one lightning strike, everysecond around the world. Every single aircraft is hit by lightning once ayear."

Here, at Cardiff University in Wales, lightningstrikes everyday where capacities discharge a current of 100,000 amps in amicrosecond recreating the power of a lightning bolt at altitude. The aluminumbody of an aircraft is highly conductive, and acts as a Faraday cage. Ametallic shield that directs the electric charge outside towards the back ofthe plane. And passengers on board won't feel a thing.

This 2 million dollar lightening lab inpartnership with EADS and the Welsh government test different conductor stripson the nose of a plane and a new composite⁷ material found on modern aircraft.Another built in defense⁸ mechanism⁹ is using the heat from the engines to meltice around them and along the edge of the wings.

And here at Cardiff University, they havean ice tunnel. Minus ten degrees Celsius¹⁰ with a wind speed of a hundred milesper hour. They can see how ice builds up and understand its aerodynamicqualities. 

What we'd find is that generally the icethat forms in this area here can be quite thin, but the ice, which forms alittle bit further back can be a lot thicker which actually reverses¹¹ thecurvature of the leading edge.

It changes the shape of the wing,essentially.

Quite dramatically, in some cases, yes,unless you do something to prevent it, so in an aircraft, typically we'll workout which part of the aircraft are most critically aerodynamically and thenmake sure that they are protected.

When it comes to aircraft design andweather at research level, there are men and women dedicating¹² their lives tospecific weather conditions to ensure planes are built to buffer¹³ and bear theharshest of conditions. And then it's up to the pilots to do the rest.

1 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

2 scandal   

n.丑事，丑闻，流言蜚语，反感，愤慨

参考例句：

• Scandal and gossip are meat and drink to him.各种丑闻和流言蜚语是他最感兴趣的事。
• His theft from the shop caused scandal in the village.他因偷商店的东西引起全村的公愤。

3 alert   

adj.机警的，活泼的，机灵的；vt.使...警觉

参考例句：

• Drivers must be on the alert for traffic signals.驾驶员必须密切注意交通信号。
• The rabbIt'seems to be very alert all its life.兔子似乎一生都小心翼翼，十分警觉。

4 plows   

n.犁( plow的名词复数 )；犁型铲雪机v.耕( plow的第三人称单数 )；犁耕；费力穿过

参考例句：

• Alex and Tony were turning awkward hands to plows and hoe handles. 亚历克斯和托尼在犁耙等农活方面都几乎变成新手了。
• Plows are still pulled by oxen in some countries. 在一些国家犁头仍由牛拖拉。

5 buck   

n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃

参考例句：

• The boy bent curiously to the skeleton of the buck.这个男孩好奇地弯下身去看鹿的骸骨。
• The female deer attracts the buck with high-pitched sounds.雌鹿以尖声吸引雄鹿。

6 blizzard   

n.暴风雪

参考例句：

• The blizzard struck while we were still on the mountain.我们还在山上的时候暴风雪就袭来了。
• You'll have to stay here until the blizzard blows itself off.你得等暴风雪停了再走。

7 composite   

adj.混合成的，综合成的；n.合成物，复合材料

参考例句：

• English is a composite of many languages.英语是多种语言混合而成的。
• This composite illustration was made by putting together a number of drawings.这本综合说明书是集若干图片汇合而成的。

8 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

9 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

10 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

11 reverses   

n.倒转( reverse的名词复数 )；失败v.（使）反转( reverse的第三人称单数 )；（使）颠倒；（使）翻转；推翻

参考例句：

• After several reverses the enemy was forced to retreat. 几次失败后敌军被迫后撤。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Perhaps because of these reverses Mailer temporarily abandoned fiction. 或许正是由于这一失败，梅勒暂时放弃了小说创作。 来自辞典例句

12 dedicating   

v.奉献( dedicate的现在分词 )；（为表示感情或敬意将著作、乐曲、艺术作品等）题献给（某人、某事业等）(to)；（在书、音乐或作品的前部）题献辞；以…供奉

参考例句：

• With confidence, you will find pleasure in serious dedicating life. 有了信心，你就会在严肃的献身生活中找到乐趣。 来自互联网
• The Beauty Queen spends her time dedicating parks and bursing homes. 她为自己的事业贡献了毕生的精力。 来自互联网

13 buffer   

n.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器；vt.缓冲

参考例句：

• A little money can be a useful buffer in time of need.在急需时，很少一点钱就能解燃眉之急。
• Romantic love will buffer you against life's hardships.浪漫的爱会减轻生活的艰辛。