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And the first place we're going this August 12th is Kashmir. This is a region of southern Asia. And according to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Kashmir is the scene of the largest territorial¹ dispute on the planet. India controls part of Kashmir but wants all of it to be Indian territory. Pakistan controls part of Kashmir but wants all of it to be Pakistani territory. China also controls a section of Kashmir.

Since 1949, India has given the part of Kashmir it controls a special status. The Indian state has been allowed to have its own constitution, its own flag and its own control over many parts of day-to-day life. But last week, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the special status of Indian controlled Kashmir caused separatism, terrorism and corruption². So India's government voted to reorganize and reclassify Indian territory in Kashmir. The changes give India's government more control over what happens there.

This angered Pakistan. It doesn't want India to have anymore influence in any part of Kashmir and it called India's decision illegal. China also protested India's decision concerning Kashmir. Relations between India and Pakistan have gotten worse as the tensions have climbed. Though when it comes to Kashmir that's nothing new.

NIKHIL KUMAR: Why is Kashmir such a big deal? Because nuclear armed rivals India and Pakistan have been fighting over it for more than 70 years. Both claim the region in its entirety. India currently controls around 45 percent of Kashmir's territory and Pakistan controls about 35 percent. China controls the rest. So how did we get here? The problems began in 1947, when India and Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain. Kashmir initially³ remained independent. But later, its ruler signed a letter aceeding to India sparking a war with Pakistan.

War b?roke out again in 1965 and again in 1971. Even after both India and Pakistan became nuclear powers, border clashes continued, including notably⁴ in 1999 when violence st?opped short of a full scale war. The flashpoint remains⁵ the heavily militarized align⁶ of control which divides the Pakistani and Indian controlled regions of Kashmir. Relations between the two countries will continue to ebb⁷ and flow, but Kashmir is sure to be a thorn in the side of relations between India and Pakistan for the foreseeable future.

1 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

2 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

3 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

4 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

5 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

6 align   

vt.使成一线，结盟，调节；vi.成一线，结盟

参考例句：

• Align the ruler and the middle of the paper.使尺子与纸张的中部成一条直线。
• There are signs that the prime minister is aligning himself with the liberals.有迹象表明首相正在与自由党人结盟。

7 ebb   

vi.衰退，减退；n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态

参考例句：

• The flood and ebb tides alternates with each other.涨潮和落潮交替更迭。
• They swam till the tide began to ebb.他们一直游到开始退潮。