事实：英语后缀stan意味着国家

 Pre-Listening Vocabulary

suffix¹: an ending that adds meaning and form to words

Persian: of Iranian descent²

settlement: a place where people stay and live

pure: not tainted³, not mixed with anything

The Suffix –stan Means Land

Have you ever wondered why so many countries have the same suffix? Many countries in Asia end with the suffix -stan. The suffix -stan comes from a Persian word, meaning land of or settlement. Pakistan (Land of the pure), Afghanistan (Land of the Afghans), and Kazakhstan (Land of the independent) are just a few countries in Asia that use this suffix. In fact, many countries have been named in a similar way, including Ireland, England, Scotland, Poland, and Finland. Don’t stop there! There’s also Thailand, New Zealand, and Swaziland. Let’s not forgot Switzerland and the Netherlands!

1 suffix   

n.后缀；vt.添后缀

参考例句：

• We add the suffix "ly" to make the adjective "quick" into the adverb " quickly ".我们在形容词“ quick”后加“ly” 构成副词“quickly”。
• It described the meaning of suffix array and also how to built it.它描述的含义，后缀数组以及如何建立它。

2 descent   

n.下降，下倾，斜坡，坡道，血统，世系

参考例句：

• We watched anxiously during her descent from the tree.我们焦急地看着她从树上爬下来。
• Many Americans are of English descent.许多美国人的祖籍是英国。

3 tainted   

adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏

参考例句：

• The administration was tainted with scandal. 丑闻使得政府声名狼藉。
• He was considered tainted by association with the corrupt regime. 他因与腐败政府有牵连而名誉受损。 来自《简明英汉词典》