英语听力文摘 English Digest 237、大豆和前列腺

　　Prostate and Soy
吃大豆有什么好处？大豆对男性的好处主要体现在保护前列腺上。撒且尔教授指出，研究显示，每天喝一杯豆奶，男性得前列腺癌的风险能降低30%；喝两杯，则能把风险降低70%。跟肉类相比，豆类蛋白质丰富而不含胆固醇。对人体不利的饱和脂肪酸含量很低，对健康更为有利。很多男性非常爱惜自己的身材，豆类中丰富的蛋白质能够对肌肉起到营养补充的作用，加强健身的效果。研究显示，每天喝一杯豆奶，男性得前列腺癌的风险能降低30%；喝两杯，则能把风险降低70%。他解释，这主要是因为在人们食用大豆及其制品之后，肠中会分解一种物质，这种物质能够抑制乙羟基睾丸素的形成，该睾丸素很有可能会导致前列腺癌。这种物质还可以防止脱发，对于那些有脱发趋向的男性来说，这无疑是个福音。

　　Learn about yet another benefit to eating soy, on this Moment of Science.
What about some of this tofu salad?Why are you pushing (1)soy food on me?Because it turns out that there is yet another benefit to consuming soy, and this benefit is for men specifically. When digested, soy creates a molecule(分子) called equol(雌马酚), which blocks the male hormone¹ dihydrotestosterone(二氢睾酮), otherwise known as DHT(双氢睾丸酮).
Testosterone(睾酮) does serve important functions, but DHT is not so desirable, considering its involvement in prostate cancer(前列腺癌). The (2)pharmaceutical² industry has focused a lot of energy into developing drugs to do what soy does naturally. Except the problem is that the drugs created to fight prostate cancer don’t just affect DHT, but they affect testosterone too.
These drugs (3)inhibit³ testosterone from (4)converting into DHT. In doing so, they not only reduce the harmful effects of male hormones⁴, but they reduce the beneficial effects of these hormones too.
Common side effects of these drugs include reduced libido(性欲), impotence(阳痿), decrease in muscle strength, and an increased risk of osteoporosis(骨质疏松症). What’s so promising⁵ about soy is that it doesn’t prevent the conversion⁶ of testosterone into DHT, but instead blocks DHT from functioning once it’s made.
The result is that soy prevents DHT from doing its damage without blocking the beneficial effects of male hormones. Scientists think that because of its effects on DHT, soy may prove beneficial in treating other conditions (5)associated with DHT, such as male pattern baldness(秃顶).
译文：
大豆和前列腺
来点豆腐沙拉怎么样呢？你为什么要让我吃大豆食品呢？因为事实证明，食用大豆还有另外一个好处，特别对于男性来说。当被消化后，大豆会产生一种叫做雌马酚的分子。这种分子能够阻碍雄性激素二氢睾酮，或者称为双氢睾丸酮 。
睾酮发挥着重要的作用，但是双氢睾丸酮却不令人满意，因为它与前列腺癌有着紧密的联系。医药工业投入了大量的精力来研发与有着大豆自然功能的药物。但问题是治疗前列腺癌的药物不仅影响双氢睾丸酮，也同样会影响睾酮。
这些药物能够抑制睾酮转变为二氢睾酮。胆这样做的同时，它们不仅减少了雄性激素的有害影响，也降低了这些激素的有利影响。
这些药物常见的副作用包括性欲减退，阳萎，肌肉强度下降，以及骨质疏松症的风险增加。给人以希望的是尽管大豆不能阻止睾酮转变为二氢睾酮，可是一旦其形成，大豆就可以阻止它发挥作用。
其结果是大豆在不阻碍雄性激素有利影响的情况下也能阻止双氢睾丸酮的破坏。科学家认为，鉴于对二氢睾酮的影响，大豆可能在治疗其它与二氢睾酮有关的疾病上也能发挥有益作用，例如男性秃顶。
Notes:
(1)soy [s?i] n.大豆；酱油
(2)pharmaceutical [,fɑ:m?'sju:tik?l] adj.制药（学）的 n.药物
Pharmaceutical Reference Prices How do They Work in Practice?
药物参考价格实际中他们如何起作用？
(3)inhibit [in'hibit] vt.抑制；禁止
When this glass coating contact with sea water, it releases copper⁷ ions which inhibit adhesion of sea creatures.
当此玻璃涂层与海水接触时，释放出的铜离子阻止海洋生物附着在涂层上。
(4)convert into 使转变；把…转化成；折合
At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds?
美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑?
(5)associated with 与…有关系；与…相联系
Cannot specify⁸ tables to truncate⁹ for this template. There is no database associated with this team solution.
不能为该模板指定要截断的表。没有与该小组解决方案关联的数据库。

1 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

2 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

3 inhibit   

vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制

参考例句：

• Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
• They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。

4 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

5 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

6 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

7 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。

8 specify   

vt.指定，详细说明

参考例句：

• We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
• Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

9 truncate   

v.修短；截掉

参考例句：

• Sorry,the text is too long to edit.Truncate it to 255 characters? 对不起，文本太长了，无法进行编辑。将其截断到255个字符吗？
• Do you want to truncate the transaction log? 是否要截断事务日志？