英语听力文摘 English Digest 253、拄着拐杖飞

　　Flying in a Crutch¹
Who can walk faster, a ballet dancer whose leg muscles are extremely fit, or a couch potato whose legs are soft and flabby?
Did you ever have a broken leg?  Or did you ever see someone else in a cast? If so, you may have noticed something odd when the crutchescome out.
You would think that person would be the slowest in the crowd, just hobbling along. But that is not so. Once someone becomes comfortable moving around on crutches², they can often move very quickly, even outpacing uninjured folks. What’s going on here?
The answer is found in the dynamics³ of walking. Ask yourself the following question: who can walk faster, a ballet dancer whose leg muscles are extremely fit, or a (1)couch potato whose legs are soft and flabby? We’re not talking about running now, just about walking.
The answer? Whichever one is taller.
Yep. Leaving aside issues such as weak knees and just speaking in general, muscular ability does not determine walking speed. It’s the length of the leg that does it. Little children have to run to keep pace with a walking adult not because their muscles are weak but because their legs are short.
Now, let’s think about the person with the broken leg. True, one leg is out of commission and there’s the extra weight of the cast. But if you watch a person on crutches walk, you’ll notice that they keep both legs together with their torso and pivot⁴ from the shoulder.
The body swings forward as the crutches (2)lean back, and (3)vice⁵ versa. That way they can move as if the majority of their body were two gigantic legs. Their stride effectively becomes that of someone about twice their actual height.

　　译文：
你曾经有过一条腿骨折吗？或是你曾经看到过别人腿上裹着石膏吗？如果有的话，你会发现拄着拐杖时，会有奇怪的事发生。
你会认为那个拄着拐杖的人应该是人群中走得最慢的，因为他们步履蹒跚。但事实并非如此。当一个人习惯了用拐杖走路以后，他们就可以移动的很快，甚至超过没有受伤的人。这是为什么呢？
我们可以在走路的动力学中发现答案。问问你自己以下问题：谁可以走得更快？是腿部肌肉非常健壮的芭蕾舞演员，还是腿部柔软松弛，整天坐着看电视的人？我们不是说跑步，只是走路。
答案是？谁更高就走得更快。
是的。撇开膝关节疲软不说，就一般来讲的话，肌肉的能力并不能决定走路的速度，但腿的长度可以。小孩子要跑步才能跟上大人的步伐，并不是因为他们的肌肉不够发达，而是他们的腿太短了。
现在我们来看看骨折的腿。的确，一条腿不能发挥作用了，并且还有额外石膏的重量。但是如果你看到一个人拄着拐杖走路，你会发现他们的双腿总是与身体和肩部的支点保持一致的。
当拐杖向后靠时身体就向前摆动，反之亦然。这就是为什么他们可以走动，因为他们大部份的身体就像两条巨大的腿。他们走路的速度可以和比他们高两倍的人相提并论。
NOTES:
(1)couch potato 成天躺著或坐在沙发上看电视的人；极为懒惰的人
Bob, you're a typical couch potato.
鲍勃，你真是个典型的懒家伙。
(2)lean back 向后倾斜
The boy leaned back in his chair
男孩向后仰坐在椅子上。
(3)vice versa [,vaisi'v?:s?] 反之亦然
Western sunset, sunrise is the East, and vice versa.
西方的日落，便是东方的日出，反之亦然。

1 crutch   

n.T字形拐杖；支持，依靠，精神支柱

参考例句：

• Her religion was a crutch to her when John died.约翰死后，她在精神上依靠宗教信仰支撑住自己。
• He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence.他缺乏自信心，总把妻子当作主心骨。

2 crutches   

n.拐杖, 支柱 v.支撑

参考例句：

• After the accident I spent six months on crutches . 事故后我用了六个月的腋杖。
• When he broke his leg he had to walk on crutches. 他腿摔断了以后，不得不靠拐杖走路。

3 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

4 pivot   

v.在枢轴上转动；装枢轴，枢轴；adj.枢轴的

参考例句：

• She is the central pivot of creation and represents the feminine aspect in all things.她是创造的中心枢轴，表现出万物的女性面貌。
• If a spring is present,the hand wheel will pivot on the spring.如果有弹簧，手轮的枢轴会装在弹簧上。

5 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。