英语听力文摘 English Digest 287、胎儿能听到什么？

　　What a Fetus¹ Hears
医学界认定胎儿在孕期十六周即有完好的触觉和味觉。十八周的的胎儿对光已经会产生反应。二十周的胎儿则发展出听觉，此时的胎儿并有做梦、记忆和思考的能力。就是说，除去了生理上的发展成长外，胎儿的心灵和灵性在生产前已经开始酝酿和培养了。在胎儿二十至二十二周开如胎教已经可行了。4个月的胎儿就有了听觉。6个月时胎儿的听力几乎和成人相等。外界的声音都可以传到子宫里。但胎儿对500-1500赫兹的声音感觉比较舒服，喜欢听节奏平缓、流畅、柔和的音乐，讨厌强快节奏的“迪斯科”，更害怕各种能致命的噪音。 8个月的胎儿能够区别声音的种类，听出音调的高低、强弱，能分辨出是爸爸还是妈妈在讲话。

　　Did you ever do this when you were young: Dive to the bottom of a swimming pool with a friend, then have your friend yell a phrase into the water?
You listen to the phrase all low and garbled², then try to guess what it was. This low, muffled³, underwater noise is how the world would sound if you were inside a womb.
Researchers have placed tiny microphones inside a pregnant woman’s uterus. They found that outside noises became much lower and muffled, and about thirty decibels⁴ quieter. Do these noises just wash around the fetus like so much amniotic fluid, or can the fetus actually hear them?
Actually, after twenty eight weeks a fetus begins to hear the internal sounds of its mother’s body–the rush of blood and the rumble⁵ of the digestive system. By the third trimester, the fetus can respond to external noises too. As many expectant mothers know, a sudden car horn can start a fetus kicking.
Not only can fetuses⁶ hear outside noises, they sometimes remember what they’ve heard. One study found that infants who repeatedly heard a soap opera theme song in the womb reacted positively⁷ when they heard that same music after birth.
Perhaps this ability to remember helps a newborn recognize its mother’s voice. A fetus can’t hear specific words or intonation–these are too muffled. Instead, they remember the rhythm of their mothers’ voices. To check this out, researchers gave newborns a special nipple rigged to a tape recorder. By changing the way they sucked, these infants could modify the cadence⁸ of a prerecorded voice. Eighty percent of these newborns sucked in the way that produced a voice with their mother’s specific rhythm.
译文：
你年轻的时候有没有这样做过呢？与朋友一起潜入游泳池底部，然后让你的朋友在水中冲你喊一句话。
你听到模糊不清的句子，然后努力猜测那是什么。这种沉闷的水下声音就如你在还在子宫时能听得到的声音。
研究人员在孕妇的子宫体内安置了一个微型麦克风，他们发现外界的声音变得更小更低沉，安静了大概30分贝。这些声音只是像羊水那样环绕在子宫周围？还是胎儿能够听到它们？
事实上，28周后胎儿开始听到母亲体内的声音-血液流淌声和消化系统的隆隆声。到了妊娠晚期，胎儿也能对外界的声音有反应。就如许多准妈妈知道的那样，突如其来的汽车喇叭声也能引起胎儿的踢动。
胎儿不仅能够听到外界的声音，他们有时也会记住他们所听到的。一项研究发现，婴儿出生后，会对在子宫里反复听到的肥皂剧的主题曲做出积极的反应。
或许这种记忆能力帮助一个新生儿认出母亲的声音。胎儿不能听到具体的词或者声调-这些都太低沉了。相反地，他们记得住母亲声音的节奏。为了验证这一点，研究人员给了新生儿一个特殊的与录音机相连的奶嘴。通过变换他们吸允的方式，这些婴儿能够改变预先录制的语音节奏。百分之八十的新生儿吸吮时的声音与母亲声音的特定节奏一致。

1 fetus   

n.胎，胎儿

参考例句：

• In the fetus,blood cells are formed in different sites at different ages.胎儿的血细胞在不同时期生成在不同的部位。
• No one knows why a fetus is not automatically rejected by the mother's immune system. 没有人知道为什么母亲的免疫系统不会自动排斥胎儿。

2 garbled   

adj.（指信息）混乱的，引起误解的v.对（事实）歪曲，对（文章等）断章取义，窜改( garble的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He gave a garbled account of what had happened. 他对所发生事情的叙述含混不清。
• The Coastguard needs to decipher garbled messages in a few minutes. 海岸警卫队需要在几分钟内解读这些含混不清的信息。 来自辞典例句

3 muffled   

adj.（声音）被隔的；听不太清的；（衣服）裹严的；蒙住的v.压抑，捂住( muffle的过去式和过去分词 )；用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己）

参考例句：

• muffled voices from the next room 从隔壁房间里传来的沉闷声音
• There was a muffled explosion somewhere on their right. 在他们的右面什么地方有一声沉闷的爆炸声。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 decibels   

n.分贝( decibel的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The typical lawn mower makes about 90 decibels of noise. 典型的割草机发出的声响约为90分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A normal conversation reaches 55 decibels. 普通的谈话即可达55分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 rumble   

n.隆隆声；吵嚷；v.隆隆响；低沉地说

参考例句：

• I hear the rumble of thunder in the distance.我听到远处雷声隆隆。
• We could tell from the rumble of the thunder that rain was coming.我们根据雷的轰隆声可断定，天要下雨了。

6 fetuses   

n.胎，胎儿( fetus的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• DNA was extracted from fetuses at mid-gestation, about 10 days past conception. DNA从受孕大约10天后的中期妊娠胚胎中提取。 来自互联网
• Brucellosis is a disease that causes fetuses to abort in cattle. 普鲁士菌病是一种可以导致牲畜胎儿夭折的疾病。 来自互联网

7 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

8 cadence   

n.（说话声调的）抑扬顿挫

参考例句：

• He delivered his words in slow,measured cadences.他讲话缓慢而抑扬顿挫、把握有度。
• He liked the relaxed cadence of his retired life.他喜欢退休生活的悠闲的节奏。