英语听力文摘 English Digest 363、鸟是如何呼吸的？

How Birds Breathe
鸟是如何呼吸的

 

Y: Don, flying is tougher than walking or running, right? So how come birds don’t get winded and run out of breath?

D: Actually, in terms of distance per unit energy, flying is pretty efficient. Plus birds have a super efficientrespiratory system. While a bird’s respiratory system takes up about one fifth of its body, its lungs are relatively rigid and small, and don’t fully¹ deflate. Instead, birds have a complex network of air sacs that work like bellows² to pump a constant stream of air through the lungs. What’s more, air only goes through the lungs in one direction, which means it has a higher oxygen content than the air in human lungs.

When a bird inhales, the air goes into the rear³ air sacs, and when it exhales, that air moves forward to the lungs, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste. Then, when the bird inhales again, the air is pushed out of the lungs and into the front air sacs. When it exhales a second time, the air leaves the body.

Y: So it takes two breaths to process a packet of air.

D: Yep, Plus the air sacs mean that birds weigh less than you’d expect, which makes flying less costly⁴ in terms of energy. But scientists still don’t fully understand how birds breathe. Birds fly over Mount⁵ Everest at altitudes where the air is so thin humans can’t function, and no one knows how they do it.

飞行比走路和跑步都要困难些，对吧？那为什么鸟类飞行的时候不会喘不过气来？

按照单位距离来看的话，飞行是非常顺利的。并且鸟类有一个特别高效的呼吸系统。当鸟呼吸系统占据它身体的五分之一时，它的肺比较僵硬，也比较小，不会完全紧缩。相反地，鸟类有一个复杂的肺泡结构，就像一个风箱把源源不断的空气打进肺里。更重要的是，空气在肺里只能流向一个方向，那就意味着它里面的氧气含量比人类肺里氧含量高。

鸟在吸气时，空气进入鸟肺泡的底部，而当呼气时，空气就向肺的前面移动，在那里氧气被交换成二氧化碳废气。然后，鸟再次吸气，气体就从肺中进入肺泡。当第二次呼气时，气体就从身体出来了。

所以鸟类需要呼吸两次才能处理气体了。

是的。加上肺泡的话就说明鸟比我们想象的要轻，那样飞行就不会那么耗能量。但是科学家们现在也不完全明白鸟类是如何呼吸的。鸟可以在珠穆朗玛峰上空飞行，但山上空气太稀薄人类无法呼吸，没有人知道它们是怎么做到的。

 

Notes:

air sacs: 肺泡

 

1 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

2 bellows   

n.风箱；发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的名词复数 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫v.发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的第三人称单数 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫

参考例句：

• His job is to blow the bellows for the blacksmith. 他的工作是给铁匠拉风箱。 来自辞典例句
• You could, I suppose, compare me to a blacksmith's bellows. 我想，你可能把我比作铁匠的风箱。 来自辞典例句

3 rear   

vt.抚养，饲养；n.后部，后面

参考例句：

• We had to rear it in a nursery and plant it out.我们不得不在苗棚里培育它，然后再把它移植出来。
• The hall is in the rear of the building.礼堂在大楼的后部。

4 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

5 mount   

n.山峰，乘用马，框，衬纸；vi.增长，骑上（马）；vt.提升，爬上，装备

参考例句：

• Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
• She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。