英语听力文摘 English Digest 478、日光浴床安全吗？

Are Tanning Beds Safe?

Millions of people go to tanning salons², some to get a base tan before they go away on a beach vacation. The idea of the base tan is that it will protect you from burning on your sun excursion, so that what you end up with is a darker tan rather than a lobster³ face and discomfort⁴.

But does a base tan protect your skin from ultraviolet damage you can’t see? And how safe are tanning beds themselves?

The Truth About Tanning

Dermatologists⁵ say that just one trip to the tanning salon¹ can produce DNA⁶ damage that can cause skin cancer. Tanning booths emit about ninety-five percent ultraviolet A light and five-percent ultraviolet B light.

For some time, ultraviolet A light was thought to affect the aging of skin only. Now dermatologists know that ultraviolet A light, like ultraviolet B light, also causes genetic⁷ damage linked to skin cancer.

One study indicated that people who used tanning beds at least once were two-and-a-half times more likely to develop squamous cell skin cancer, and one-and-a-half times more likely to develop basal cell skin cancer. Tanning bed users are at an increased risk of melanoma too, the deadliest form of skin cancer.

Skin Cancer And SPFs

Not only can tanning inside lead to skin cancer, but the base tan that indoor tanning provides contains a sun protective factor of only about SPF-4. It doesn’t offer good protection against sunburn or the genetic damage that can lead to skin cancer. Dermatologists recommend an over-the-counter sunscreen of SPF-15 or higher.

数百万的人在海滨度假之前去日晒沙龙，一些人的皮肤会晒成棕褐色。把皮肤晒成棕褐色，是因为它可以保护你免于晒伤，因此最终你的皮肤将变得更黑，而不是变红或是感觉不舒服。

但是棕褐色皮肤真的可以使你的皮肤免遭那些你看不见的紫外线伤害吗？

日光浴的真相

皮肤病学家称仅仅去一次日晒沙龙就可以引起致皮肤癌的DNA损害。人工日光浴场放射出约95%的紫外线A光和5%的紫外线B光。

有时，人们认为紫外线A光仅仅是影响皮肤老化。现在皮肤病学家们认识到，和紫外线B光一样，紫外线A光也会产生与皮肤癌有关的遗传性伤害。

有研究表明，至少用过一次日光浴床的那些人得鳞状细胞皮肤癌的可能性要（比没用过的）高2.5倍，得基底细胞皮肤癌的可能性要高1.5倍。日光浴床使用者得黑素瘤的风险也增加了，这是一种最致命的皮肤癌。

皮肤癌和防晒系数

日光浴不仅在内部能让人体得皮肤癌，而且即使是室内日光浴提供的“日晒”防晒系数也只有SPF4.它们没有提供良好的保护以免受致皮肤癌的晒伤或遗传性伤害。皮肤病学家们推荐使用防晒系数15或更高的非处方防晒霜。

 

1 salon   

n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室

参考例句：

• Do you go to the hairdresser or beauty salon more than twice a week?你每周去美容院或美容沙龙多过两次吗？
• You can hear a lot of dirt at a salon.你在沙龙上会听到很多流言蜚语。

2 salons   

n.（营业性质的）店( salon的名词复数 )；厅；沙龙（旧时在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所）；（大宅中的）客厅

参考例句：

• He used to attend to his literary salons. 他过去常常去参加他的文学沙龙。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Conspiracy theories about Jewish financiers were the talk of Paris salons. 犹太金融家阴谋论成为巴黎沙龙的话题。 来自互联网

3 lobster   

n.龙虾，龙虾肉

参考例句：

• The lobster is a shellfish.龙虾是水生贝壳动物。
• I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜欢吃龙虾，但它不适宜于我的健康。

4 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

5 dermatologists   

n.皮肤病学家( dermatologist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Today dermatologists agree that the experiments were not conducted well. 今天，皮肤病学者承认，当时的实验操作上有误。 来自互联网
• Dermatologists consistently recommend the low-cost old favorites, but of good-quality. 皮肤学家一致推荐物美价廉的老品牌。 来自互联网

6 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

7 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。