访谈录 Interview 2007-06-26&06-28, 专访前世行行长

I think the people in Gaza have been disappointed up to now. You would remember that at one point, 18 months ago, there was in mind the production of flours and fruits in Gaza, and opening of the borders with Israel, and airport, the seaport¹, the linkage² with Egypt, the linkage between Gaza and the West Bank. And I think many Palestinians have looked at the inability to carry through their promise as being a very bad mark against the western contributors. And so I think that there is a lot of apprehension³ there, I am not sure there is a great deal of trust. And I think what you got when they came in with Hamas, was all turning away from Fatah, because they could not deliver and they were trying someone else and I think it is an uncertain question that people would immediately turn back to Fatah as a result of this.

As a financial man yourself, you must be aware of the logistical difficulties of funneling⁴ money, not only to the West Bank, but particularly to Gaza, humanitarian⁵ aid that Israel says it wants to see delivered. I'm on a wider note, on a global scale, how are institutions fixed⁶, logistically, to deliver all the aid that is so much talked about in this era of globalization?

Well, I think it's, you're hitting on a very, very difficult question, because if you take just that segment of aid, which is given globally to developing countries, the poorer countries, you can say that's roughly a 100 billion dollars. And by my estimates, which are drawn⁷ from my colleagues' estimates, you'd be lucky if a quarter of that in cash gets to the recipients⁸. There are overlays of advisers⁹, certain intermediaries, and in the case of, of Gaza, and the West Bank, I think it is not the similar.

On a wider scale, it's a huge problem - the growing gap between rich and poor. And do you think that institutions, I think.. you've spoken that institutions themselves need to be overhauled¹⁰, such as the World Bank, for example.

Well, I think, I think that very roughly you've got six billion or so people in the planet; you have a billion people who are relatively¹¹ well-off. And you got five billion people that are in varying degrees of development. In forty, fifty years' time, it will be 9 billion people. And the people in the rich group of a billion might be a billion one. All the rest will go to the developing countries. And we have a tremendous challenge in the world that to be able to make a transition from a world which we previously¹² understood that 80, 90 percent of the world should be with the rich, with the Europeans, with the Americans, even with the Australians, and now understand that with China and India coming along, you have global superpowers that are being created in the next 30 or 40 years. And behind that you still have a billion or so people who will have nothing. They will be living under a dollar a day. And the challenge for all of us is what you do with the people in group three and four in the world, the people that are not growing much, and the people that are literally¹³ going backwards¹⁴?

1 seaport   

n.海港，港口，港市

参考例句：

• Ostend is the most important seaport in Belgium.奥斯坦德是比利时最重要的海港。
• A seaport where ships can take on supplies of coal.轮船能够补充煤炭的海港。

2 linkage   

n.连接；环节

参考例句：

• In their monographic treatment of linkage,they have emphasized this especially.他们在论连锁的专题文章中特别强调了这点。
• Occasionally,problems with block inheritance or linkage are encountered.有时会遇到区段遗传或连锁问题。

3 apprehension   

n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑

参考例句：

• There were still areas of doubt and her apprehension grew.有些地方仍然存疑，于是她越来越担心。
• She is a girl of weak apprehension.她是一个理解力很差的女孩。

4 funneling   

[医]成漏斗形：描述膀胱底及膀胱尿道交接区

参考例句：

5 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

6 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

7 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

8 recipients   

adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器

参考例句：

• The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

10 overhauled   

v.彻底检查( overhaul的过去式和过去分词 )；大修；赶上；超越

参考例句：

• Within a year the party had drastically overhauled its structure. 一年内这个政党已大刀阔斧地整顿了结构。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A mechanic overhauled the car's motor with some new parts. 一个修理工对那辆汽车的发动机进行了彻底的检修，换了一些新部件。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

12 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

13 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

14 backwards   

adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地

参考例句：

• He turned on the light and began to pace backwards and forwards.他打开电灯并开始走来走去。
• All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。