国家地理-2008-04-26 Kenya's Aids Crisis 肯尼亚的艾滋病危机

In Kenya, a Massaai elder is changing cultural practices that could help HIV infections spread. Learn how education and traditional customs affect the spread of diseases in Africa.
 
This is Kibera, a slum in Nairobi, Kenya, home to about 1 million people. These children play without a care, just as it should be, but their reality is grim. They are all orphans¹, half of them because of AIDS.
 
"In the last five years, it has gotten worse and we have now more children who were abandoned and who were orphaned² as a result of HIV/AIDS." George Nyakora was the national director of SOS children's villages in Kenya. They fight AIDS with community outreach, education and family strengthening programs.
 
"You realize that up to 60 percent of the bed occupancy in some of our hospitals at the moment are actually taken up by people who're HIV positive." An entire generation of Kenya is dying; it's difficult to find anyone who hasn't been touched.
 
"Do you have friends that have died?"
 
"Many, including family members, very many, I lost my sister to HIV/AIDS, I've got very close friends of mine, you know, some in hospital right now, you know, terminal cases right now."
 
Here, basic health care is out of reach, for many people, AIDS prevention is just another way to spend money they don't have." You have to make a choice between buying a condom or having a meal or having a drink that's going to knock your death, so that you forget your problems that would be."
 
The Kibera Integrated Community Self-Help Program offers a variety of services to those affected³ by HIV and AIDS. The group has said that Kibera records the highest HIV and AIDS prevalence rates in Nairobi.
 
Today Jacqueline Dbondo is administrating tests. This man fears an intoxicated⁴ night with a barmaid will be a death sentence. "The gentleman has been feeling unwell for the last five months; he was having some diarrhea, headache and feeling weak."
 
Although the adult prevalence of HIV appears to be decreasing in Kenya, people still test positive every day, and today is no different. "Some people, they still ignore that their education that to give them the condom use. They don't want to listen that, this is AIDS at all, so it is still the ignorance who are still ignoring." The result, the number of AIDS orphans in Kenya numbers over 1 million and in Kibera alone they reportedly number 50,000.

This place is called Nimborny, it's a home and safe haven⁵ for Kenya's smallest victims of the African AIDS pandemic. Most of these boys and girls come here directly from a hospital, abandoned at birth because they were HIV positive. Previously⁶, two or three children passed away each month, but drug donations have had a huge impact on the death rate here. These children's struggles will be life-long; but they are no longer waiting to die. They are learning to live.
 
outreach：n.
A systematic⁷ attempt to provide services beyond conventional limits, as to particular segments of a community. e.g. educational outreach
 
intoxicated: adj.
happy, excited, and unable to think clearly, especially as a result of love, success, power etc

diarrhea: n. 痢疾,腹泻
Excessive and frequent evacuation of watery⁸ feces, usually indicating gastrointestinal distress⁹ or disorder¹⁰.

1 orphans   

孤儿( orphan的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The poor orphans were kept on short commons. 贫苦的孤儿们吃不饱饭。
• Their uncle was declared guardian to the orphans. 这些孤儿的叔父成为他们的监护人。

2 orphaned   

[计][修]孤立

参考例句：

• Orphaned children were consigned to institutions. 孤儿都打发到了福利院。
• He was orphaned at an early age. 他幼年时便成了孤儿。

3 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

4 intoxicated   

喝醉的，极其兴奋的

参考例句：

• She was intoxicated with success. 她为成功所陶醉。
• They became deeply intoxicated and totally disoriented. 他们酩酊大醉，东南西北全然不辨。

5 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

6 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

7 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

8 watery   

adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的

参考例句：

• In his watery eyes there is an expression of distrust.他那含泪的眼睛流露出惊惶失措的神情。
• Her eyes became watery because of the smoke.因为烟熏，她的双眼变得泪汪汪的。

9 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

10 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。