胡敏读故事记单词托福词汇060

Lesson 60 Strike 罢工

Words:

 

defer¹ vi. 遵从，听从；vt. 延期

 

deference² n. 遵从，顺从；敬意

 

deferential³ adj. 顺从的；敬意的

 

defiant⁴ adj. 大胆反抗的

 

deficiency n. 缺乏，不足

 

deficient⁵ adj. 缺乏的，不足的

 

deficit⁶ n. 赤字

 

defile⁷ v. 弄脏，玷污

 

definite adj. 清楚的；明确的；确切的

 

definition n. 定义

 

definitive⁸ adj. 决定性的，最后的；确定的

 

deform⁹ vt. 使变形

 

deft¹⁰ adj. 灵巧的，熟练的

 

defunct¹¹ adj. 死了的，不存在的，无效的

 

defy vt. 蔑视，反抗

 

degenerate¹² v. 衰退，堕落，变坏

 

degrade v. 降解，分解；降级

 

dehydrate¹³ vt. 使脱去水分

 

deify v. 奉为神，崇拜

 

deity¹⁴ n. 神；被奉若申明的人（物）

 

deject vt. 使沮丧，使灰心

 

The two things I enjoy doing in the morning are reading the newspaper and dehydrating fruits. I have a deft touch of drying fruits. I know exactly how to position them on the drying tray so that they will not turn out to be deformed¹⁵.

 

Now I’m ready to read the news. Today’s biggest story, besides the U.S. budget deficit, is the dispute at the local automobile¹⁶ factory. What started as a simple discussion about pay has degenerated¹⁷ into a crippling strike. Accounting¹⁸ to its definition, a “strike” is when no work is done because of a disagreement. In this case, defiant employees have stopped working for the last several days. They are complaining about the deficiency in pay and the deficient medical insurance coverage¹⁹. They’re also angry at the way the supervisors²⁰ are allowed to degrade them. They say that they are forced to treat their supervisors like deities²¹. Some supervisors even require the workers to deify their supervisor’s name badges. The workers also claim that the company has defiled²² the nearby river by dumpling hazardous²³ waste chemicals. They have assembled a definite list of demarks. They say they will not return to work until all of their demands are settled.

 

The company had refused to consider their list of demands. Instead, they have demanded that the employees return to their jobs immediately The company had also asked the workers to be more deferential towards their supervisors and to defer their dispute until the work committee meets next months. However, the employees believe that the work committee is a defunct process. The workers have shown no deference and apparently²⁴ intend to continue defying the company no matter how dejected they become.

How will they solve this dispute? At this time, neither side seems to have the definitive answer.

 

早晨起来我喜欢做的两件事就是读报和给水果脱干水分。我能熟练地脱干水果的水分。我知道如何把水果在脱水用托盘中放好，以便脱干水分时他们也不会变形。

 

现在我该读新闻了。除了美国预算赤字，今年最令人震动的消息就是当地汽车厂发生的劳资纠纷。开始仅是有关加薪的简单争论现在已变本加厉发展成造成严重损害的罢工。根据定义，“罢工”是指由于劳资之间意见分歧，工人不去做工。此次工潮中，勇于反抗的雇员们已经停工好几天了，他们抱怨说工资太低，医疗保险承保范围太狭窄。他们对允许监工降雇员的职的做法表示不满。他们抱怨他们不得不把监工奉为神明。一些监工甚至要求工人们对印有他们名字的徽章顶礼膜拜。工人们还指出公司由于乱倒危险废旧化学物质已污染了附近的那条河，他们已列了一个明确的要求清单，而且表示直到所有要求都得到满足他们才会复工。

 

公司不但不考虑他们的各项要求，反而要求他们马上复工。公司还规定工人们对监工要更加遵从，而且把纠纷推迟到下月工作委员会开会时再解决。然而，工人们认为工作委员会是名存实亡的。他们不予尊重。看来，不管感到多么沮丧，他们也会继续同公司方面进行抗争。

 

这场纠纷如何解决？目前，双方都没有确定的答案。

1 defer   

vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从

参考例句：

• We wish to defer our decision until next week.我们希望推迟到下星期再作出决定。
• We will defer to whatever the committee decides.我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。

2 deference   

n.尊重，顺从；敬意

参考例句：

• Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?你对父母师长尊敬吗？
• The major defect of their work was deference to authority.他们的主要缺陷是趋从权威。

3 deferential   

adj. 敬意的，恭敬的

参考例句：

• They like five-star hotels and deferential treatment.他们喜欢五星级的宾馆和毕恭毕敬的接待。
• I am deferential and respectful in the presence of artists.我一向恭敬、尊重艺术家。

4 defiant   

adj.无礼的，挑战的

参考例句：

• With a last defiant gesture,they sang a revolutionary song as they were led away to prison.他们被带走投入监狱时，仍以最后的反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌曲。
• He assumed a defiant attitude toward his employer.他对雇主采取挑衅的态度。

5 deficient   

adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的

参考例句：

• The crops are suffering from deficient rain.庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
• I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision.我向来缺乏自信和果断。

6 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

7 defile   

v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道

参考例句：

• Don't defile the land of our ancestors!再不要污染我们先祖们的大地！
• We respect the faith of Islam, even as we fight those whose actions defile that faith.我们尊重伊斯兰教的信仰，并与玷污伊斯兰教的信仰的行为作斗争。

8 definitive   

adj.确切的，权威性的；最后的，决定性的

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样，还没有人给出明确的答复。

9 deform   

vt.损坏…的形状；使变形，使变丑；vi.变形

参考例句：

• Shoes that are too tight deform the feet.(穿)太紧的鞋子会使脚变形。
• Ice crystals begin to deform measurably.冰晶就产生某种程度的变形了。

10 deft   

adj.灵巧的，熟练的（a deft hand 能手）

参考例句：

• The pianist has deft fingers.钢琴家有灵巧的双手。
• This bird,sharp of eye and deft of beak,can accurately peck the flying insects in the air.这只鸟眼疾嘴快，能准确地把空中的飞虫啄住。

11 defunct   

adj.死亡的；已倒闭的

参考例句：

• The scheme for building an airport seems to be completely defunct now.建造新机场的计划看来整个完蛋了。
• This schema object is defunct.No modifications are allowed until it is made active again.此架构对象不起作用。在重新激活之前，不能进行任何改动。

12 degenerate   

v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者

参考例句：

• He didn't let riches and luxury make him degenerate.他不因财富和奢华而自甘堕落。
• Will too much freedom make them degenerate?太多的自由会令他们堕落吗？

13 dehydrate   

vt.使脱水

参考例句：

• People can very quickly dehydrate in the desert.人在沙漠里很快就会脱水。
• Without these structures, many warm-blooded animals would quickly dehydrate,especially in dry climates.没有这样的结构，许多温血动物将很快脱水，特别是在干燥的气候条件下。

14 deity   

n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物)

参考例句：

• Many animals were seen as the manifestation of a deity.许多动物被看作神的化身。
• The deity was hidden in the deepest recesses of the temple.神藏在庙宇壁龛的最深处。

15 deformed   

adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的

参考例句：

• He was born with a deformed right leg.他出生时右腿畸形。
• His body was deformed by leprosy.他的身体因为麻风病变形了。

16 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

17 degenerated   

衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The march degenerated into a riot. 示威游行变成了暴动。
• The wide paved road degenerated into a narrow bumpy track. 铺好的宽阔道路渐渐变窄，成了一条崎岖不平的小径。

18 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

19 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

20 supervisors   

n.监督者，管理者( supervisor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I think the best technical people make the best supervisors. 我认为最好的技术人员可以成为最好的管理人员。 来自辞典例句
• Even the foremen or first-level supervisors have a staffing responsibility. 甚至领班或第一线的监督人员也有任用的责任。 来自辞典例句

21 deities   

n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明

参考例句：

• Zeus and Aphrodite were ancient Greek deities. 宙斯和阿佛洛狄是古希腊的神。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Taoist Wang hesitated occasionally about these transactions for fearof offending the deities. 道士也有过犹豫，怕这样会得罪了神。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文

22 defiled   

v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进

参考例句：

• Many victims of burglary feel their homes have been defiled. 许多家门被撬的人都感到自己的家被玷污了。
• I felt defiled by the filth. 我觉得这些脏话玷污了我。 来自《简明英汉词典》

23 hazardous   

adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的

参考例句：

• These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
• Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。

24 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。